标签: formulas

Closed-FormFormulasforContinuous／Discrete-TimePIDAControllers'Parameters

CalculatingPCBTrackImpedanceFormulasCalculationofPCBTrackImpedancebyAndrewJBurkhardt,ChristopherSGreggandJAlanStaniforthTheuseofhigh-speedcircuitsrequiresPCBtrackstobedesignedwithcontrolled(characteristic,odd-mode,ordifferential)impedances.Wadell[1]isoneofthemostcomprehensivesourcesofequationsforevaluatingtheseimpedances.Thissourceincludesmanyconfigurationsincludingstripline,surfacemicrostripandtheircoplanarvariants.TheIPCpublication,IPC-2141[2],isanothersourceofequations,buthasasmallerrangeofconfigurations,similartothosepresentedinIPC-D-317A.However,forsomeconfigurationstherearedifferencesbetweentheequationsgiveninthesepublications.TheauthorsbelievethatitisnowopportunetoexaminetheoriginoftheequationsandtoFigu……

EMCreferencevaluesandformulasEMCREFERENCEDATACompiledbyHenryW.OttRevised1998No.1ThefollowinglistssomeofthemoreusefulEMCformulasandapproximationsElectricFieldCouplingVn=2fCRV12TsπApproximateCapacitancesWireinbundle40pF/ftTwistedwire20pF/ftCenter-ShieldRG-5833pF/ftCenter-MetalTray0.2pF/ftPin-pinAmphenol2pFMan-ACpowerline2pF1/2WRes.,end-end1.5pFShielding=AbsorptionLossA(dB)=9thicknessskindepthRadiatedFieldStrengthAM:P(Kw)E(V/m)=d(Kft)FM&TV:E(V/M)=0.6E(forAM)PowerDensitytoVolts/MeterE(V/m)=3.77P(W/cm2)200V/m100V/m20V/m10V/m2V/m10mW/cm23mW/cm2100W/cm230W/cm21W/cm2SkinDepth(inches)fAISteel1MHz0.0030.000310MHz0.0010.0001100MHz0.00030.000081000MHz0.00010.00004FieldStre……

(Good)MicrowaveandRFengineeringformulasMICROWAVEANDRADIOFREQUENCYENGINEERINGINDEXadmittance...........................4AM....................................20Ampere'slaw.......................8anparameter.......................15anisotropic.........................21attenuationconstant.............6Bmagneticfluxdensity.....8Bsusceptance.....................4beta......................................2bnparameter.......................15capacitance..........................4carrier..................................7CDMA...............................20cellular...............................20characteristicadmittance.....3characteristicimpedance.2,3circulator...........................16communicationsfrequencies.........................................20complexpermittivity...12,2……

MicrowaveandRFengineeringformulasMICROWAVEANDRADIOFREQUENCYENGINEERINGINDEXadmittance...........................4AM....................................20Ampere'slaw.......................8anparameter.......................15anisotropic.........................21attenuationconstant.............6Bmagneticfluxdensity.....8Bsusceptance.....................4beta......................................2bnparameter.......................15capacitance..........................4carrier..................................7CDMA...............................20cellular...............................20characteristicadmittance.....3characteristicimpedance.2,3circulator...........................16communicationsfrequencies.........................................20complexpermittivity...12,2……