标签: robotics

Robotics is hot these days, and it's certainly deserved. Today's robotic arms and systems are faster, cheaper, more precise, and lighter by large factors compared to those of even just a decade ago. The result is the deployment of these units in stationary and mobile applications that were impractical but are now very feasible. If you think this is just the usual post- CES type of public-relations hype, think again. Check out this article in a recent issue of Design News, "Mechatronics Solution Is Adept Enough to Produce a Bow-Tying Robot," which details a robotic system which ties decorative ribbon bows on boxes of chocolate. (The YouTube video here is both mesmerizing and hypnotizing, IMO.) The article is more than a puff piece on how smart the design team was; it explains some of the problems they encountered, the constraints they faced, the tradeoffs they juggled, how they used simulation tools to test out ideas in advance, and more. Also note that this is not a "science project" robot demonstration–though there is nothing wrong with that–this one is in daily commercial use on a production line.   This robotic arm and feed is able to consistently tie bows around boxes using loose, flexible ribbon, but be warned, the related video is hypnotizing in a strange, unintended way.   If you have ever worked with earlier robotic arms powered by hydraulics, you know how powerful and terrifying they can be, and at the same time, they can deliver lots of torque and power (different but closely related quantities). But they are nasty, with pumps, values, seals, leakage, and more. When things went bad, the result was often both a mess and dangerous, such as hydraulic fluid leaking, or worse, spraying out. Some fluid-powered systems eliminate the hazards of hydraulic fluid by using compressed air (pneumatics) in its place, but the air pressure has to be fairly high to get useful power, and high-pressure systems bring their own risks. Still, it's a very good alternative for low-load situations, such as the bow-tying one. Many of today's robotic systems have gone all-electronic, with fast, low-mass, precisely-controlled motors (BLDC or stepper). Even if hydraulics did not have the fluid pressure and leakage issues, they still have a major drawback compared to an electric-motor system: due to the inherent mass and compressibility of the fluid, there is an unavoidable time lag between changes directed to the servovalves and the end-effecters. These lags complicate the closed-loop control algorithms when you need fast, precise operation. While it is possible to add various compensation factors to the control algorithms to take this mass-based reality into account, this adds complexity and risk to the software along with additional errors. In contrast, with electric motors there is only a negligible lag of electronic switches and current flow that occurs between directing power to the motor and having it initiate motor action. This means the algorithms are dealing with a much crisper system, in control terms. Further, the lighter weight of the today's motors with their powerful magnetics compares favorably to hydraulic actuators, and this high power/weight ratio simplifies the remainder of the control design. By combining the best features of electric drives and pneumatic ones, a good system engineer can develop a system which meets previously unattainable objectives. Think about that fast-food production line; that's a likely application area. Coupled with improved algorithms for both sensored and sensorless control (such as vector field control, also called field-oriented control or FOC), the electric motor has become a powerful element – literally and figuratively – in the advances of high performance, easy to use, reliable robotics. Hydraulics still has many places where it is the best choice in terms of massive power delivery, torque, non-sparking, or other factors, of course. If you doubt that watch this 50-minute documentary " Sunken Ship Rescue " on the righting and salvage efforts of the cruise liner Costa Concordia . Still, for many small-to-moderate applications, electric is the way to go. What has been your experience with electric, pneumatic, and/or hydraulic robotic drives?

My friend Jay Dowling just led me to the most amazing video on YouTube. It seems that a team at KMel Robotics in Philadelphia is having far too much fun, because they've used six hexacopters to create a "drone rock" band.       These little beauties play a couple of pieces. I don’t want to spoil the surprise, but the first selection blew me away. And then we have the bells... ask not for whom the bell tolls (LOL).   Strange to relate, I just took delivery of my very own little hexacopter from the Hex: A copter that anyone can fly Kickstarter campaign I pledged to last year. Now I have visions of grandeur forming my own "Drone Rock" band using a bunch of these little beauties.   I don't know about you, but I sort of wish I worked at KMel Robotics. Also, now that I come to think about it, I recall seeing a number of videos featuring small drones like these doing cool things. Have you seen any of these videos? If so, can you please share them with the rest of us?  

Discussions on favourite childhood toys are likely to yield a list of nostalgic staples that sparked innovation in all of us who went on to solidify our calling with the title "engineer." We loved these toys because they allowed us to think of an idea and then actually create it. But, what happens to these young innovators as they become engineering students and their ideas become more complex? Until recently, these students discovered that the gap between toys and industrial tools was an ocean of devices that either catered to their budding yet incomplete knowledge or provided the depth of technical functionality desired, but never both. Identifying and understanding this deficiency, National Instruments (NI) wanted to create a solution that would provide the ease of learning that students need, while also giving them the power to release their creative potential within the time constraints of a class. For over 30 years, NI has witnessed some of the world's most established engineering companies, as well as some game-changing innovators, like CERN and SpaceX innovate and create incredible systems using our test and measurement technologies. But what about the engineers of tomorrow? How do LEGO bricks and Tinker Toys progress to life-saving medical equipment or the next hybrid electric vehicle? For several years, NI has thought about this question and—in 2013—provided an answer by releasing a new product for students—NI myRIO. Inspired by the same technology NI has provided to industry customers for years, NI myRIO equips today's students with the tools of their future careers (click here to see a video). NI myRIO is based on the same LabVIEW RIO architecture as NI's industrially used NI CompactRIO and NI Single-BoardRIO products. These products combine a processor, FPGA, and I/O, and are fully programmable with LabVIEW. In fact, NI myRIO uses the same Xilinx Zynq All-programmable SoC technology found in NI's newest CompactRIO, the cRIO-9068. Complete with 40 digital I/O lines, 10 analogue inputs, 6 analogue outputs, onboard accelerometer, LEDs and programmable button, students get to leverage copious reconfigurable I/O and boast the use of NI's first WiFi-enabled RIO product all in a handheld device. But, the hardware is only half of the equation. Surely we can't expect students to jump into the same programming complexity as seasoned, professional engineers, right? Well, at NI, we agree. Fortunately, LabVIEW has provided the handshake between the possibilities of industry and the first-year college student. NI ships the FPGA of myRIO pre-defined with AI, AO, PWMs, Quad Encoder inputs, UART, SPI, and I2C. Of course, using LabVIEW FPGA, students can choose to change this shipping personality if a project warrants it (and yes, they can always revert back to the default). While the NI myRIO processor and FPGA can be programmed in the exact same manner as its industrial counterparts, we wanted to offer students some help to quickly access I/O out of the box. LabVIEW provides 12 configuration-based Express VIs specifically for myRIO that allow for instant access to the pre-defined FPGA I/O without the need for extensive programming. When students are ready expand their programming skills, they can view the underlying code of any myRIO Express VI and can begin using that code to program in a more advanced mode. All pre-built LabVIEW functionality for myRIO is open, meaning that a student has the option to explore even the lowest level handshake between processor and FPGA.   Students connect to their myRIO via USB (versus traditional Ethernet) or WiFi to deploy code and monitor results. The ultra familiar and ubiquitous USB connection removes the complexity associated with Ethernet connectivity and WiFi allows students to access their device remotely with their PC or tablet. Rounding out the device's flexibility, students can also choose to leverage Linux and C/C++ to program the hardware with the popular Eclipse IDE. When designing myRIO, NI engineers were adamant that students engage in real system design not upon graduation, but now. We specifically chose the features and massaged the user experience to transform engineering students into full-fledged system designers, even providing a free guide for incorporating common components. Knowing that this product would play a role in the classroom with leading universities around the globe, NI is rolling out courseware that will address competencies in Embedded Systems, Controls and Mechatronics based on NI myRIO. In fact, Rice University has already incorporated NI myRIO into their Modelling Dynamic Systems curriculum using the popular haptic paddle force feedback device. NI myRIO encourages students to let their ideas run wild and provides them with the hardware and software to get the job done. Based on NI's industry recognised RIO hardware, the latest gadget for young engineers is anything but a toy. Check out the latest Waterloo Labs video— The Paintball Picasso System . This system is controlled by the NI myRIO embedded controller and LabVIEW software that enables the system to be controlled is a variety of ways, including taking an image from a USB webcam in order to outline the person, shooting more than 10 paintballs per second. You may rest assured that no students were harmed in the making of this video. About the author As product manager for Controls, Robotics, Mechatronics, and Embedded (CRoME) on National Instruments' Academic Marketing team, Margaret Barrett is responsible for building awareness of NI's offerings in the university space for these application areas. Margaret is a five-year veteran at National Instruments, where she began her career as an Applications Engineer and later transitioned to managing a subset of the AE department. Before joining National Instruments, she attended Texas AM University where she earned a degree in biomedical engineering with an emphasis in biomechanics in addition to earning a minor in mathematics.