2024-9-24 15:00
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一 概述 心跳机制出现在TCP长连接中,客户端和服务端之间定时发送一种特殊的数据包通知对方还在线,以确保TCP连接地可靠性,有可能TCP连接由于某些原因(例如网线被拔了,突然断电)导致客户端断了,但是服务端不知道客户端断了,服务器还保持与客户端连接的状态,所以为了不浪费资源需要知道客户端非正常中断,服务器应该断开客户端断开连接,需要加入心跳机制。 TCP本身内置了keepalive心跳机制,但是这种内置的心跳机制不足以满足所有的情况,所以有必要自己写心跳机制。 二 哪些网络情况下不满足keepalive心跳机制 (1)TCP拥有keepalive心跳机制,有些设备不会处理keepalive心跳包; (2)keepalive心跳机制只能说明连接是活的,应用实现心跳机制,可以保持连接是活的,应用正常工作。 三 为什么需要心跳机制 考虑以下两种典型的即时通讯网络层问题情形: (1)情形一: 一个客户端连接服务器以后,如果长期没有和服务器有数据来往,可能会被防火墙程序关闭连接,有时候我们并不想要被关闭连接。例如,对于一个即时通讯软件来说,如果服务器没有消息时,我们确实不会和服务器有任何数据交换,但是如果连接被关闭了,有新消息来时,我们再也没法收到了,这就违背了“即时通讯”的设计要求。 (2)情形二: 通常情况下,服务器与某个客户端一般不是位于同一个网络,其之间可能经过数个路由器和交换机,如果其中某个必经路由器或者交换器出现了故障,并且一段时间内没有恢复,导致这之间的链路不再畅通,而此时服务器与客户端之间也没有数据进行交换,由于 TCP 连接是状态机,对于这种情况,无论是客户端或者服务器都无法感知与对方的连接是否正常,这类连接我们一般称之为“死链”。 对于上述问题情形,即时通讯应用通常的解决思路: (1)针对情形一: 此应用场景要求必须保持客户端与服务器之间的连接正常,就是我们通常所说的“保活“。如上所述,当服务器与客户端一定时间内没有有效业务数据来往时,我们只需要给对端发送心跳包即可实现保活。 (2)针对情形二: 要解决死链问题,只要我们此时任意一端给对端发送一个数据包即可检测链路是否正常,这类数据包我们也称之为”心跳包”,这种操作我们称之为“心跳检测”。顾名思义,如果一个人没有心跳了,可能已经死亡了;一个连接长时间没有正常数据来往,也没有心跳包来往,就可以认为这个连接已经不存在,为了节约服务器连接资源,我们可以通过关闭 socket,回收连接资源。 总之,心跳检测机制一般有两个作用: (1)保活; (2)检测死链。 三 心跳机制实现步骤 (1)客户端每隔一个时间间隔发送一个探测包给服务器; (2)客户端发包时启动一个超时定时器; (3)服务端接收到探测包,应该回应一个包; (4)如果客户端收到服务器的应答包,则说明服务器正常,删除超时定时器; (5)如果客户端的超时定时器超时,依然没有收到应答包,则说明服务器挂了。 四 心跳组件的实现 1 Gitee链接地址 组件位于amaziot_bloom_os_sdk\libraries\am\am_hb.c Gitee源码地址:https://gitee.com/ning./hongdou Github源码地址:https://github.com/ayumid/hongdou 2 应用层组件功能介绍 提供在设备和服务器通信场景中,服务器为了确定设备是否连接正常,设备需要定时给服务器发送心跳数据。 使用该组件,必须同时使用AT组件,文件组件,TCP组件,掉线组件,掉线重连组件。 3 代码讲解 1 dtu_hb_timer_callback 功能:该函数用于,心跳上下文指针。 参数:无 返回值:无 示例: C hb.hearttime * 200 , dtu_hb_timer_callback, 0); 2 dtu_hb_timer_init 功能:该函数用于,初始化定时器。 参数:无 返回值:无 示例: C //初始化心跳定时器 dtu_hb_timer_init(); 3 dtu_hb_timer_start 初始化定时器 功能:该函数用于,打开心跳定时器。 参数:无 返回值:无 示例: C //根据标志位设置是否需要打开心跳定时器 hb.heartflag == 1) { dtu_hb_timer_start(); } 4 dtu_hb_timer_stop 功能:该函数用于,关闭心跳定时器。 参数:无 返回值:无 示例: C //判断是否设置了上报心跳,设置后,关闭心跳定时器 dtu_hb_timer_stop(); 4 Demo实战 4.1 创建一个Demo 复制20.4_trans_xtu示例工程,到同一个文件夹下,修改文件名为20.5_hb_xtu,如图: 4.2 修改makefile 增加文件组件所在目录头文件路径,和源文件路径,如图: 4.3 增加头文件 使用代码编辑器,将新建的工程文件加入代码编辑器中,打开main.c,修改main.c,加入am.h等头文件,如图: 4.4 修改代码 示例使用的是板载5x6卡,用户的硬件可能是使用外置卡,或者是三合一全网通卡,因为硬件上三种卡使用的模组SIM卡接口不一样(外置卡SIM1,5x6卡和三合一卡SIM2),所以,需要通过一个全局变量来制定SIM卡硬件接口。 extern外部变量SDK_INIT_SIM_SELECT_VALUE,这里判断了是否使用外置卡,这个宏定义在Makefile里面定义。 在Phase1Inits_enter中,宏定义判断是否要包含对SDK_INIT_SIM_SELECT_VALUE变量的修改。 在Phase2Inits_exit 调用文件组件提供的对外API,如图: 4.5 编译 在SDK根目录打开命令行,输入命令.\build.bat -l .\amaziot_bloom_os_sdk\sample\libraries\20.6_hb_xtu\ C++ PS F:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08 λ .\build.bat -l .\amaziot_bloom_os_sdk\sample\libraries\20.6_hb_xtu\ 子目录或文件 out\bin 已经存在。 命令语法不正确。 子目录或文件 build\obj 已经存在。 gnumake: Entering directory `F:/3.asr-b/cat.1-asr1606/1.software/BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08/amaziot_bloom_os_sdk/sample/libraries/20.6_hb_xtu' armcc.exe -c --cpu Cortex-R4 --no_unaligned_access -g -O2 --apcs /inter --diag_suppress 2084,1,2,177,188,223,550,1296,2795,6319,9931,9933 --diag_error=warning --gnu --thumb --loose_implicit_cast -DDATA_COLLECTOR_IMPL -DISPT_OVER_SSP -DDIAG_SSP_DOUBLE_BUFFER_USE_DYNAMIC_ALLOCATION -DENV_XSCALE -DL1_DCXO_ENABLED -DLTE_HIGH_MOBILITY_OPTIMIZATION -DRUN_XIP_MODE -DCRANE_Z2 -DCA_LONG_IPC_MSG -DNEZHA3 -DNEZHA3_1826 -DUPGRADE_PLMS -DUPGRADE_PLMS_SR -DLTE_GSMMULTIBCCH -DGPLC_LTE_RSSI_SCAN -DL1V_NEW_RSSI -DUPGRADE_PLMS_3G -DUPGRADE_PLMS_L1 -DUPGRADE_FG_PLMS -DFG_PLMS_URR -DUPGRADE_L1A_FG_PLMS -DUPGRADE_PLMS_STAGE_2 -DUPGRADE_MBCCH -DMULTI_BCCH_READY_IND -DURR_MRAT_ICS_SEARCH -DUPGRADE_ICS -DMRAT_NAS -DUPGRADE_PLMS_SEARCH_API -DICS_MBCCH -DICS_MBCCH_2G_RSSI -DDIAG_NEWPP -DPHS_SW_DEMO -DPHS_SW_DEMO_TTC -DPHS_SW_DEMO_TTC_PM -DFULL_SYSTEM -D_DDR_INIT_ -D_TAVOR_HARBELL_ -DUPGRADE_ARBEL_PLATFORM -D_TAVOR_B0_SILICON_ -DTDL1C_SPY_ENABLE -DDLM_TAVOR -DTAVOR -DFLAVOR_DUALCORE -DDEBUG_D2_MOR_REG_RESEREVED_ENABLE -D_DIAG_USE_COMMSTACK_ 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-DINTEL_UPGRADE_GPRS_CIPHER_FLUSH -DUPGRADE_ENHANCED_QUAD_BAND -DINTEL_2CHIP_PLAT -DI_2CHIP_PLAT -DUPGRDE_TAVOR_COMMUNICATION -DRUN_WIRELESS_MODEM -DFLAVOR_DDR12MB_GB1MB5 -DFEATURE_SHMEM -DACIPC_ENABLE_NEW_CALLBACK_MECHANISM -DRELIABLE_DATA -DMAP_NSS -DTV_FNAME="\"SW_PLATFORM=PMD2NONE PHS_SW_DEMO PHS_SW_DEMO_PM SRCNUCLEUS FULL_SYSTEM NOACRTC PDFLT PLAT_TEST PV2 DIAGOSHMEM NVM WITHL1V\"" -DTV_FDESC="\"SW_DESCRIPTION=\"" -DENABLE_ACIPC -D_DATAOMSL_ENABLED_ -DUSB_CABLE_DETECTION_VIA_PMIC -DMIPS_TEST -DMIPS_TEST_RAM -DFLAVOR_DIET_RAM -DNVM_INCLUDE -DMSL_INCLUDE -DMSL_POOL_MEM -DNO_AUDIO -DOSA_QUEUE_NAMES -D_DIAG_DISABLE_USB_ -DOSA_NUCLEUS -DOSA_USED -DPM_D2NONE_MODE -DCRANE_SOC_TEMPERATURE_SENSOR -DL1_SW_UPDATE_FOR_DIGRF -DPHS_L1_SW_UPDATE_R7 -DUPGRADE_LTE -DFRBD_CALIB_NVM -DFRBD_AGC_CALIB -DFRBD_FDT_CALIB -DHSPA_MPR -DCAPT_PARAMS_OPTIMIZE -DL1_WB_R99_ONLY -DL1V_WB_R99_ONLY -DINTERGRATED_RF_SUPPORT -DL1_RX_DIV_SUPPORT -DENABLE_OOS_HANDLING -DTAVOR_D2_WB_L1_SUPPORT -DL1_DDR_HIGH_FREQ -DUPGRADE_DIGRF3G_SUPPORT -DW_PS_PLUS_G_PAGING -D"NO_APLP=0" -DINTEL_UPGRADE_UNIFIED_VOICE_TASK -DINTEL_UPGRADE_R99 -DAPLP_SPY_ENABLE -D__TARGET_FEATURE_DOUBLEWORD -DWHOLE_UMTS_STACK -DUSE_TTPCOM_CSR_BLUETOOTH_AUDIO_GAIN_CONTROL -DL1_UPGRADE_R5 -DUPGRADE_EDGE -DUPGRADE_R4_FS1 -DINTEL_UPGRADE_GSM_CRL_IF -DUPGRADE_EGPRS_M -DINTEL_UPGRADE_EGPRS_M -DINTEL_UPGRADE_RF_PARAMS_IN_CF_TDS -DINTEL_UPGRADE_2SAMPLES_PER_SYMBOL -D"GPRS_MULTISLOT_CLASS=12" -D"EGPRS_MULTISLOT_CLASS=12" -DMARVELL_UPGRADE_BSIC_REDESIGN -DMSL_INCLUDE -DINTEL_HERMON_SAC -DCRANE_CUST_BUILD -DL1_SW_UPDATE_FOR_DIGRF -DFLAVOR_COM -DSILICON_PV2 -DSILICON_SEAGULL -DSILICON_TTC_CORE_SEAGULL -DPCAC_INCLUDE -Otime -DBUILD_DATE="\"11 21 2023\"" -DBUILD_TIME="\"15:03:46\"" -Iatcmds\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hop\telephony\yuge\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hal\UART\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hal\core\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hal\PMU\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hal\GPIO\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\os\posix\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\diag\diag_logic\src -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\csw\SysCfg\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\csw\platform\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\env\win32\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\csw\BSP\inc 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-IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hop\telephony\modem\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\pcac\duster\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\pcac\fota\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hal\I2C\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hal\ACIPC\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\softutil\fatsys\flash -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\softutil\FDI\src\INCLUDE -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hal\MMU\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\softutil\FDI\src\FDI_ADD -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\softutil\FDI\src\FM_INC -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\softutil\fatsys\fs\hdr -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\softutil\littlefs\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\pcac\tts\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\pcac\dial\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\softutil\csw_memory\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hop\utilities\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hop\commpm\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\softutil\nvm\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\softutil\EEhandler\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\softutil\EEhandler\src -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hop\RTC\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hop\telephony\ci_client\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hal\BT_device\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hal\UART\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hop\mrd\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hop\dma\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\softutil\softutil\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hal\SPI\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\pcac\websocket\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\pcac\atnet_srv\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\softutil\fotacomm\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\aud_sw\Audio\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\aud_sw\ACM_COMM\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\aud_sw\audio_stub\src -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hop\aam\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\aud_sw\AudioHAL\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\hal\dbgshell\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\include\asr160x\pcac\opencpu\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\amaziot_bloom_os_sdk\utils -IF:/3.asr-b/cat.1-asr1606/1.software/BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08/amaziot_bloom_os_sdk/sample/libraries/20.6_hb_xtu\am\inc -IF:/3.asr-b/cat.1-asr1606/1.software/BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08/amaziot_bloom_os_sdk/sample/libraries/20.6_hb_xtu\atcmds\inc -IF:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08/amaziot_bloom_os_sdk/libraries\am\xtu -DDTU_BASED_ON_TCP -DDTU_TYPE_5X6 -DDTU_UART_115200_BAUD -o build\obj/ext_at_cmds.o F:/3.asr-b/cat.1-asr1606/1.software/BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08/amaziot_bloom_os_sdk/sample/libraries/20.6_hb_xtu/atcmds/src/ext_at_cmds.c armlink.exe build\obj/main.o build\obj/ext_at_cmds.o build\obj/ext_at_controller.o build\obj/am_file.o build\obj/am_at.o build\obj/am_trans.o build\obj/am_socket.o build\obj/am_hb.o build\obj/am_net.o \ -o F:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\out\bin\Arbel_PMD2NONE_40M.axf \ --via F:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\prebuilt_1606l\Arbel_PMD2NONE_targ_objliblist.txt \ --elf \ --scatter F:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\prebuilt_1606l\Crane_DS_4M_Ram_2M_Flash_XIP_CIPSRAM_Common_SingleSIM.sct \ --predefine="-DLTEONLY_THIN_SINGLE_SIM" --map --symbols --info sizes,totals \ --list F:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\out\bin\Arbel_PMD2NONE_40M.map \ --keep init.o(Header) --keep init.o(Vectors) --diag_suppress 6312,6314,6319,6329 \ --feedback F:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\out\feedbackLinkOptLteonlyThin_SingleSim_NoSMS.txt F:\3.asr-b\cat.1-asr1606\1.software\BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08\tools\buildimage_1606l.bat SDK_PROD_TYPE : SDK_CUST_SKU : SDK_PS_MODE : SDK_CHIP_VER : SDK_OS_TYPE : Platform Convertion Tools v4.01 with PS option extension Convertion done! |INPUT |out\bin\cp_1606L.bin |MARK |NAME |EXEADDR .LOADADDR.LENGTH .CPZLADDR|COMPRESS STASTIC | |--------|--------|--------.--------.--------.--------|------------------------------| |This Is LteOnly 4M| 00003000 |This Is LteOnly 4M| 00001000 |This Is LteOnly 4M| 0000a000 |This Is LteOnly 4M| 0001e000 |This Is LteOnly 4M| 0001b000 |This Is LteOnly 4M| 0001b000 |This Is LteOnly 4M| 0001a000 |This Is LteOnly 4M| 0001a000 |This Is LteOnly 4M| 00011000 |This Is LteOnly 4M| 0001e000 |This Is LteOnly 4M| 00021000 |This Is LteOnly 4M| 00012000 |--------|--------|--------.--------.--------.--------|------------------------------| 0x00148000| 1.281(MB)| |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| cp_1606L.axf cp_1606L.bin cp_1606L.map gnumake: Leaving directory `F:/3.asr-b/cat.1-asr1606/1.software/BLOOM_OS_1606_OPENCPU_1191_A08/amaziot_bloom_os_sdk/sample/libraries/20.6_hb_xtu' "copy NEZHAC_CP_CNR_MIFI_TX.bin to ./ " 已复制 1 个文件。 4.6 生成固件 参考入门中开发工具,生成工具。 4.7 查看现象 固件下载到模组后,通过AT串口配置服务器地址,以及心跳包相关配置,然后观察服务器心跳包。 5 总结 根据实验现象,按照本文所述流程,可以实现心跳功能。 注:本文部分内容来源于网络,如有侵权,请及时联系我们。