标签: strong

Strongexperimentalguaranteesinultrafastquantumrandomnumbergeneration

nonlinearpiezoelectricbehaviorofceramicbendingmodeactuatorsunderstrongelectricfieldsJOURNALOFAPPLIEDPHYSICSVOLUME86,NUMBER615SEPTEMBER1999NonlinearpiezoelectricbehaviorofceramicbendingmodeactuatorsunderstrongelectriceldsQing-MingWang,a)QimingZhang,BaominXu,RuibinLiu,andL.EricCrossIntercollegeMaterialsResearchLaboratory,ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity,UniversityPark,Pennsylvania16802-4801Received18December1998;acceptedforpublication9June1999Thenonlinearelectromechanicalbehaviorofcantileveredpiezoelectricceramicbimorph,unimorph,andreducedandinternallybiasedoxidewaferactuatorsisstudiedinawideelectriceldandfrequencyrange.Itisfoundthatunderquasistaticcondition,linearrelationshipsbetweenactuatortipdisplacement-electriceld,andblockingforce-electriceldareonlyvalidunderwea……