标签: sampling

阿肯色大学博士论文：Lebesguesamplinginfeedbackcontrolsystems

AstabilizingPIDcontrollersamplingprocedureforstochasticoptimizers

浅谈取样定理(SamplingTheorem).rar

ThisRecommendationspecifiesmethodsfordigitallycodingvideosignals.Itincludesa13.5MHzsamplingrateforboth4:3and16:9aspectratioswithperformanceadequateforpresenttransmissionsystems.Analternative18MHzsamplingrateforthose16:9systemswhichrequireproportionatelyhigherhorizontalresolutionisalsospecified.Specificationsapplicabletoanymemberofthisfamilyofstandardsarepresentedfirst.ThenfollowsinPartAthespecificcharacteristicsfor13.5MHzsamplingandinPartBthespecificcharacteristicsfor18MHzsampling.……

Mostofthesignalsdirectlyencounteredinscienceandengineeringarecontinuous:lightintensitythatchangeswithdistance;voltagethatvariesovertime;achemicalreactionratethatdependsontemperature,etc.Analog-to-DigitalConversion(ADC)andDigital-to-AnalogConversion(DAC)aretheprocessesthatallowdigitalcomputerstointeractwiththeseeverydaysignals.Digitalinformationisdifferentfromitscontinuouscounterpartintwoimportantrespects:itissampled,anditisquantized.Bothoftheserestricthowmuchinformationadigitalsignalcancontain.Thischapterisaboutinformationmanagement:understandingwhatinformationyouneedtoretain,andwhatinformationyoucanaffordtolose.Inturn,thisdictatestheselectionofthesamplingfrequency,numberofbits,andtypeofanalogfilteringneededforconvertingbetweentheanaloganddigitalrealms.CHAPTERADCandDAC3Mostofthesignalsdirectlyencounteredinscienceandengineeringarecontinuous:lightintensitythatchangeswithdistance;voltagethatvariesovertime;achemicalreactionratethatdependsontemperature,etc.Analog-to-DigitalConversion(ADC)andDigital-to-AnalogConversion(DAC)aretheprocessesthatallowdigitalcomputerstointeractwiththeseeverydaysignals.Digitalinformationisdifferentfromitscontinuouscounterpartintwoimportantrespects:itissampled,anditisquantized.Bothoftheserestricthowmuchinformationadigitalsignalcancontain.Thischapterisaboutinformationmanagement:understandingwhatinformationyouneedtoretain,andwhatinformationyoucanaffordtolose.In……

Thischapterpresentsfourspecificaspectsofimageprocessing.First,waystocharacterizethespatialresolutionarediscussed.Thisdescribestheminimumsizeanobjectmustbetobeseeninanimage.Second,thesignal-to-noiseratioisexamined,explaininghowfaintanobjectcanbeandstillbedetected.Third,morphologicaltechniquesareintroduced.Thesearenonlinearoperationsusedtomanipulatebinaryimages(whereeachpixeliseitherblackorwhite).Fourth,theremarkabletechniqueofcomputedtomographyisdescribed.Thishasrevolutionizedmedicaldiagnosisbyprovidingdetailedimagesoftheinteriorofthehumanbody.CHAPTERSpecialImagingTechniques25Thischapterpresentsfourspecificaspectsofimageprocessing.First,waystocharacterizethespatialresolutionarediscussed.Thisdescribestheminimumsizeanobjectmustbetobeseeninanimage.Second,thesignal-to-noiseratioisexamined,explaininghowfaintanobjectcanbeandstillbedetected.Third,morphologicaltechniquesareintroduced.Thesearenonlinearoperationsusedtomanipulatebinaryimages(whereeachpixeliseitherblackorwhite).Fourth,theremarkabletechniqueofcomputedtomographyisdescribed.Thishasrevolutionizedmedicaldiagnosisbyprovidingdetailedimagesoftheinteriorofthehumanbody.SpatialResolutionSupposewewanttocomparetwoimagings……

SamplingandMultirateTechniquesforComplexandBandpassSignalsTAMPEREUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGY/TelecommunicationsIQ/1M.Renfors22.09.04SamplingandMultirateTechniquesforComplexandBandpassSignalsMarkkuRenforsInstituteofCommunicationsEngineeringTampereUniversityofTechnology,Finlandmarkku.renfors@tut.fiwww.cs.tut.fi/tltTopics:ComplexsignalsandsystemsSamplingofcomplexsignalsFrequencytranslationsusingmixingandmultirateoperationsRealandI/QsamplingofbandpasssignalsNonidealitiesinsamplingandA/D-conversionDelta-sigmaconversionprincipleTAMPEREUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGY/TelecommunicationsIQ/2M.Renfors……

Abstract:Analog-to-digitalconverter(ADC)datasheetsandapplicationtypicallyrecommenddrivingtheirinputswithalowsourceimpedance.ThisapplicationnoteexplainsthepossibleeffectssuchasincreasedgainerroranddistortionwhenusinghighimpedancetodriveanADCwithoutabuffer.Maxim>AppNotes>A/DandD/ACONVERSION/SAMPLINGCIRCUITSKeywords:ADC,analogtodigitalconverter,voltagedivider,distortion,gainerror,highimpedance,lowMar25,2003impedance,samplingcapacitor,timeconstant,a/dconvertersAPPLICATIONNOTE1948AnalysisofADCSystemDistortionCausedbySourceResistanceAbstract:Analog-to-digitalconverter(ADC)datasheetsandapplicationtypicallyrecommenddrivingtheirinputswithalowsourceimpedance.ThisapplicationnoteexplainsthepossibleeffectssuchasincreasedgainerroranddistortionwhenusinghighimpedancetodriveanADCwithoutabuffer.Analog-to-digitalconverter(ADC)usershavebeeninstructedbyendlessdatasheetsandapplicationnotestodrivetheirADCswithalowsourceimpedance.However,thesei……

astandardboostconverterconsistingofIC1,C1,L1,D1,andC2generates,inadditiontothemainoutput,twoauxiliarysupplyrails(10Vand-5V)withtheadditionofsomesmallandverylow-costextracomponents.Suchrailsareusefulfortheanalogcircuitryinsmallhandheldinstruments,whichoftenrequiresupplyvoltagesinexcessofthesignalrange.Maxim>AppNotes>A/DandD/AConversion/SamplingCircuitsKeywords:boostconverter,A/D,D/Aconversion,samplingcircuitsMay13,2003APPLICATIONNOTE2026BoostConverterGeneratesThreeAnalogRailsInFigure1,astandardboostconverterconsistingofIC1,C1,L1,D1,andC2generates,inadditiontothemainoutput,twoauxiliarysupplyrails(10Vand-5V)withtheadditionofsomesmallandverylow-costextracomponents.Suchrailsareusefulfortheanalogcircuitryinsmallhandheldinstruments,whichoftenrequiresupplyvoltagesinexcessofthesignalrange.Figure1.Addingexternalchargepumpstothis5Vboostconverterproducesauxiliaryanalograilsof10Vand-5V.Themainregulatedoutputof5V±2%issustainedbyinput……

Abstract:Multichannelanalog-to-digitalconverters(ADCs)typicallyconverteachinputchannelsequentiallyusinganinputmultiplexer.Certainapplicationsrequiresimultaneousconversions,especiallywhenphaseinformationexistsbetweendifferentchannels.Forexample,wirelessapplicationsrequireIandQchannelstobeconvertedatthesameinstance,motorcontrolandpowermonitoringrequiresvoltageandcurrentmeasurementsandthephaseanglebetweenthem.Inthepast,simultaneoussamplingmeantthedesignerhadtousemultipleADCs,andperformparallelconversionsoneachchannel.SimultaneoussamplingADCsnowperformthetaskusingmultipleT/Htosampletheinputsatthesameinstant,thenperformtheconversionforeachchannel.Maxim>AppNotes>A/DandD/ACONVERSION/SAMPLINGCIRCUITSKeywords:simultaneoussamplingADC,analogtodigitalconverters,ADCs,analogdigital,MAX126,MAX126,Oct01,2000MAX115,MAX116,T/H,MUX,simultaneoussampling,motorcontrol,I/Qsampling,wireless,I/Q,Coriolis,Mass-flow,powerfaultAPPLICATIONNOTE290ADCsforSimultaneousSamplingAbstract:Multichannelanalog-to-digitalconverters(ADCs)typicallyconverteachinputchannelsequentiallyusinganinputmultiplexer.Certainapplicationsrequiresimultaneousconversions,especiallywhenphaseinformationexistsbetweendifferentchannels.Forexample,wirelessapplicationsrequireIandQchannelstobeconvertedatthesameinstance,motorcontrolandpowermonitoringrequiresvoltageandcurrentmeasurementsan……

Abstract:Anearlierapplicationnote,"CoherentSamplingvs.WindowSampling,"coveredthebasicsofcoherentsampling.Itshoweddifferencesbetweentestsperformedwithcoherentsamplingandwindowedsamplingconditions.Thefollowingtechnicaldiscussionisafollow-upnote,whichdealswiththeproperselectionoftesttonesandinstrumentstosuccessfullytestandevaluateahigh-speedADC'sACperformance.Maxim>AppNotes>A/DandD/AConversion/SamplingCircuitsBasestations/WirelessInfrastructureHigh-SpeedSignalProcessingKeywords:high-speedADCs,analogtodigitalconverters,coherentsampling,inputtesttone,sinewavetesting,Dec18,2002clockfrequency,samplingfrequency,equipment,lowphasenoise,signalgenerator,logicanalyzer,synthesizer,dataacquisitionsoftware,MATLABAPPLICATIONNOTE1819SelectingtheOptimumTestTonesandTestEquipmentforSuccessfulHigh-SpeedADCSinewaveTestingAbstract:Anearlierapplicationnote,"CoherentSamplingvs.WindowSampling,"coveredthebasicsofcoherentsampling.Itshoweddifferencesbetweentestsperformedwithcoherentsamplingandwindowedsamplingconditions.Thefollowingtechnicaldiscussionisafollow……

Abstract:Oneofthemostusefultechniquesforevaluatingthedynamicperformanceoffastandultra-fastdataconvertersiscoherentsampling.ThistechniqueincreasesthespectralresolutionofaFastFourierTransform(FFT)andeliminatestheneedforwindowsamplingwhencertainconditionsaremet.However,iftheconditionsforcoherentsamplingcannotbemet,windowsamplingcanbeused.Thefollowingapplicationnotecomparescoherentsamplingwithwindowsamplingandprovidesanexplanationofhowtoevaluatehigh-speedanalog-to-digitalconverters(ADCs)usingeithermethod,whiledetailingtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeach.Maxim>AppNotes>A/DandD/AConversion/SamplingCircuitsBasestations/WirelessInfrastructureHigh-SpeedSignalProcessingKeywords:coherentsampling,windowsampling,high-speed,dataconverters,analog-to-digital,analogue-to-Mar29,2002digital,AtoD,A/D,converters,ADCsAPPLICATIONNOTE1040CoherentSamplingvs.WindowSamplingAbstract:Oneofthemostusefultechniquesforevaluatingthedynamicperformanceoffastandultra-fastdataconvertersiscoherentsampling.ThistechniqueincreasesthespectralresolutionofaFastFourierTransform(FFT)andeliminatestheneedforwindowsamplingwhencertainconditionsaremet.However,iftheconditionsforcoherentsamplingcannotbemet,windowsamplingcanbeused.Thefollowingapplicationnotecomparescohere……

Abstract:TheglossaryprovidesadetaileddescriptionofACperformancetermsrelatedtohigh-speeddataconverterssuchasADCsandDACs.Italsogivessomeinsightintothetestconditionstheseparametersarespecifiedfor.Maxim>AppNotes>A/DandD/ACONVERSION/SAMPLINGCIRCUITSHIGH-SPEEDSIGNALPROCESSINGKeywords:aliasing,aperture,INL,crosstalk,coherentsampling,common-mode,DNL,dithering,ENOB,flash,Mar22,2001frequencybin,glitchenergy,latency,monotonicity,intermodulation,SNR,NPR,quantization,SFDR,SINAD,spectralleakage,THD,VSWRAPPLICATIONNOTE740GlossaryofFrequentlyUsedHigh-SpeedDataConverterTermsAbstract:TheglossaryprovidesadetaileddescriptionofACperformancetermsrelatedtohigh-speeddataconverterssuchasADCsandDACs.Italsogivessomeinsightintothetestconditionstheseparametersarespecifiedfor.Aliasing/Anti-AliasingInsamplingtheory,aninputsignal(fIN)mustbesampledwithatleasttwiceitsfrequency(Nyquistcrit……

Abstract:Analog-to-digitalconverters(ADCs)representthelinkbetweenanaloganddigitalworldsinreceivers,testequipmentandotherelectronicdevices.AsoutlinedinPart1ofthisarticleseries,anumberofkeydynamicparametersprovideanaccuratecorrelationofthedynamicperformancetobeexpectedfromagivenADC.Part2ofthisarticleseriescoverssomeofthesetupconfigurations,equipmentrecommendationsandmeasurementproceduresfortestingthedynamicspecificationsofhigh-speedADCs.Maxim>DesignSupport>TechnicalDocuments>Tutorials>A/DandD/AConversion/SamplingCircuits>APP729Maxim>DesignSupport>TechnicalDocuments>Tutorials>Basestations/WirelessInfrastructure>APP729Maxim>DesignSupport>TechnicalDocuments>Tutorials>High-SpeedSignalProcessing>APP729Keywords:analogtodigitalconverters,ADCs,high-speedADC,SNR,SINAD,ENOB,THD,SFDR,two-toneIMD,multi-toneIMD,clockjitter,FFT,spectrum,windowfunctions,spectralleakage,frequencybin,bins,coherentsampling,hanning,hamming,flattopJul22,2002TUTORIAL729DynamicTestingofHigh-SpeedADCs,Part2Jul22,2002Abstract:Analog-to-digital……

摘要：模拟-数字转换器（ADC）的代表在接收器，测试设备及其他电子设备的模拟和数字世界之间的联系。正如在本系列文章的第1部分所述，一些关键的动态参数，提供准确的相关性的动态性能，可以从一个给定的ADC预期。本系列文章的第二部分包括一些安装配置，设备的建议和高速ADC的动态规格测试测量程序。Maxim>DesignSupport>TechnicalDocuments>Tutorials>A/DandD/AConversion/SamplingCircuits>APP729Maxim>DesignSupport>TechnicalDocuments>Tutorials>Basestations/WirelessInfrastructure>APP729Maxim>DesignSupport>TechnicalDocuments>Tutorials>High-SpeedSignalProcessing>APP729Keywords:analogtodigitalconverters,ADCs,high-speedADC,SNR,SINAD,ENOB,THD,SFDR,two-toneIMD,multi-toneIMD,clockjitter,FFT,spectrum,windowfunctions,spectralleakage,frequencybin,bins,coherentsampling,hanning,hamming,flattopJul22,2002TUTORIAL729DynamicTestingofHigh-SpeedADCs,Part2Jul22,2002Abstract:Analog-to-digital……

摘要：快速和超高速数据转换器的动态性能评估的最有用的技术之一是一致的采样。这种技术提高了快速傅立叶变换（FFT）的光谱分辨率和消除某些条件得到满足时的抽样窗口的需要。然而，如果不能满足相干采样条件，采样窗口可以使用。本应用笔记比较窗口采样相干采样，并提供了一个解释如何评价高速模拟-数字转换器（ADC），使用这两种方法，同时详细介绍各的优点和缺点。Maxim>AppNotes>A/DandD/AConversion/SamplingCircuitsBasestations/WirelessInfrastructureHigh-SpeedSignalProcessingKeywords:coherentsampling,windowsampling,high-speed,dataconverters,analog-to-digital,analogue-to-Mar29,2002digital,AtoD,A/D,converters,ADCsAPPLICATIONNOTE1040CoherentSamplingvs.WindowSamplingAbstract:Oneofthemostusefultechniquesforevaluatingthedynamicperformanceoffastandultra-fastdataconvertersiscoherentsampling.ThistechniqueincreasesthespectralresolutionofaFastFourierTransform(FFT)andeliminatestheneedforwindowsamplingwhencertainconditionsaremet.However,iftheconditionsforcoherentsamplingcannotbemet,windowsamplingcanbeused.Thefollowingapplicationnotecomparescohere……

摘要：本应用程序说明演示了如何快速验证动态性能的任何模拟-数字转换器（ADC）而无需昂贵的数据处理软件。尽管Microsoft®Excel®限制为4096数据点的数量，本应用程序说明显示成功利用Excel的FFT处理及典型的FFT谱中显示结果。Maxim>DesignSupport>AppNotes>A/DandD/AConversion/SamplingCircuits>APP3292Maxim>DesignSupport>AppNotes>Basestations/WirelessInfrastructure>APP3292Maxim>DesignSupport>AppNotes>High-SpeedSignalProcessing>APP3292Keywords:fastfouriertransform,FFT,analog-to-digitalconverter,ADC,coherentsampling,SNR,THD,SINAD,SFDR,single-toneFFT,fourieranalysis,Excel,Excel2003,Excel2007Aug06,2004APPLICATIONNOTE3292CrunchingFFTswithMicrosoftExcelAbstract:Thisapplicationnotedemonstrateshowtoquicklyverifythedynamicperformanceofanyanalog-to-digitalconverter(ADC)withoutrequiringexpensivedata-processings……

摘要：本计算器提供了一个快速简便的方法，选择正弦输入的模拟到数字（ADC）转换器测试的测试音。基于对相干抽样理论，计算器允许用户选择输入和采样频率以及数量的整数周期内的采样窗口和决议的FFT（数据点的数量）。Maxim>AppNotes>BASESTATIONS/WIRELESSINFRASTRUCTUREHIGH-SPEEDSIGNALPROCESSINGKeywords:coherentsamplingcalculator,coherent,coherentsampling,high-speedanalog-to-digitalconverter,Apr16,2004ADC,high-speedADC,FFT,fastfouriertransform,samplingfrequency,inputfrequency,samplingwindowAPPLICATIONNOTE3190CoherentSamplingCalculator(CSC)Abstract:Thiscalculatorprovidesaquickandeasywaytoselectsinusoidalinputtesttonesforthetestofanalog-to-digital(ADC)converters.Basedonthetheoryofcoherentsampling,thecalculatorallowsausertochoseinputandsamplingfrequenciesaswellasnumberofintegercycleswithinthesamplingwindowandtheresolution(numberofdatapoint)oftheFFT.Whenevaluatingthedynamicperformanc……

摘要：在先申请的注意，“相干采样与视窗采样，包括：”相干采样的基础。这表明相干采样和窗口采样条件下进行的测试之间的差异。以下技术讨论的后续行动的注意，成功测试和评估高速ADC的交流性能的测试音调和文书的正确选择。Maxim>AppNotes>A/DandD/AConversion/SamplingCircuitsBasestations/WirelessInfrastructureHigh-SpeedSignalProcessingKeywords:high-speedADCs,analogtodigitalconverters,coherentsampling,inputtesttone,sinewavetesting,Dec18,2002clockfrequency,samplingfrequency,equipment,lowphasenoise,signalgenerator,logicanalyzer,synthesizer,dataacquisitionsoftware,MATLABAPPLICATIONNOTE1819SelectingtheOptimumTestTonesandTestEquipmentforSuccessfulHigh-SpeedADCSinewaveTestingAbstract:Anearlierapplicationnote,"CoherentSamplingvs.WindowSampling,"coveredthebasicsofcoherentsampling.Itshoweddifferencesbetweentestsperformedwithcoherentsamplingandwindowedsamplingconditions.Thefollowingtechnicaldiscussionisafollow……

摘要：模拟-数字转换器（ADC）的代表在接收器，测试设备及其他电子设备的模拟和数字世界之间的联系。正如在本系列文章的第1部分所述，一些关键的动态参数，提供准确的相关性的动态性能，可以从一个给定的ADC预期。本系列文章的第二部分包括一些安装配置，设备的建议和高速ADC的动态规格测试测量程序。Maxim>DesignSupport>TechnicalDocuments>Tutorials>A/DandD/AConversion/SamplingCircuits>APP729Maxim>DesignSupport>TechnicalDocuments>Tutorials>Basestations/WirelessInfrastructure>APP729Maxim>DesignSupport>TechnicalDocuments>Tutorials>High-SpeedSignalProcessing>APP729Keywords:analogtodigitalconverters,ADCs,high-speedADC,SNR,SINAD,ENOB,THD,SFDR,two-toneIMD,multi-toneIMD,clockjitter,FFT,spectrum,windowfunctions,spectralleakage,frequencybin,bins,coherentsampling,hanning,hamming,flattopJul22,2002TUTORIAL729DynamicTestingofHigh-SpeedADCs,Part2Jul22,2002Abstract:Analog-to-digital……