原创 AT91LINUX编译试验 SAMA5DX cortex A5

atmel官方网站www.at91.com中对基于DTB的linux内核编译流程如下：

 

本文档为本人在ubuntu 10.04下实验流程，红色文字为本人添加的记录;
by Jevon  Apr.2013

Get sources

 

To get the source code, you have to clone the repository:

注意：如有提示“程序“git”尚未安装。 您可以使用以下命令安装：
sudo apt-get install git-core

 

用以下命令来在本地上克隆github上的内核源码仓库，该过程很长，取决于网速，慢慢等待：
$ git clone git://github.com/linux4sam/linux-at91.git

Cloning into 'linux-at91'...

remote: Counting objects: 5239592, done.

remote: Compressing objects: 100% (764014/764014), done.

Receiving objects: 100% (5239592/5239592), 1018.56 MiB | 11.18 MiB/s, done.

remote: Total 5239592 (delta 4448248), reused 5218219 (delta 4427054)

Resolving deltas: 100% (4448248/4448248), done.

Checking out files: 100% (38567/38567), done.

打开下载到的linux-at91源码仓库，浏览一下：
$ cd linux-at91

$ ls

arch     CREDITS        drivers   include  Kbuild   lib          mm      REPORTING-BUGS  security  usr

block    crypto         firmware  init     Kconfig  MAINTAINERS  net     samples         sound     virt

COPYING  Documentation  fs        ipc      kernel   Makefile     README  scripts         tools

 

在以后使用中，可以用下面命令来实现源码的更新：
The source code has been taken from the master branch which is pointing on the latest branch we use.

 

hand Note that you can also add this Linux4SAM repository as a remote GIT repository to your usual Linux git tree. It will save you a lot of bandwidth and download time:

 

$ git remote add linux4sam git://github.com/linux4sam/linux-at91.git

$ git remote update linux4sam

Fetching linux4sam

From git://github.com/linux4sam/linux-at91

 * [new branch]      at91-3.4-trunk_merge -> linux4sam/at91-3.4-trunk_merge

 * [new branch]      linus2639_5series_1.x -> linux4sam/linus2639_5series_1.x

 * [new branch]      linux-3.4.9-at91 -> linux4sam/linux-3.4.9-at91

 * [new branch]      linux-3.6.9-at91 -> linux4sam/linux-3.6.9-at91

 * [new branch]      master     -> linux4sam/master

 

If you want to use an other branch, you can list them and use one of them by doing this:

 

$ git branch -r

  origin/HEAD -> origin/master

  origin/at91-3.4-trunk_merge

  origin/linus2639_5series_1.x

  origin/linux-3.4.9-at91

  origin/linux-3.6.9-at91

  origin/master

$ git checkout origin/linux-3.6.9-at91 -b linux-3.6.9-at91

Branch linux-3.6.9-at91 set up to track remote branch linux-3.6.9-at91 from origin.

Switched to a new branch 'linux-3.6.9-at91'

 

Configure and Build the Linux kernel

 

Now you have to configure the Linux kernel according to your hardware. The default configuration for a particular SoC is a good starting point that you will be able to adapt to your needs afterwards.

 

$ cd linux-at91

$ ls arch/arm/configs/+(at91|sam)*

arch/arm/configs/at91_dt_defconfig      arch/arm/configs/at91sam9g45_defconfig

arch/arm/configs/at91rm9200_defconfig   arch/arm/configs/at91sam9rl_defconfig

arch/arm/configs/at91sam9260_defconfig  arch/arm/configs/at91x40_defconfig

arch/arm/configs/at91sam9261_defconfig  arch/arm/configs/sam9_l9260_defconfig

arch/arm/configs/at91sam9263_defconfig  arch/arm/configs/sama5d3_defconfig

arch/arm/configs/at91sam9g20_defconfig

$

$ make ARCH=arm <name of your SoC_defconfig>  # sama5d3_defconfig for instance

  HOSTCC  scripts/basic/fixdep

  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/conf.o

  SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c

  SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.lex.c

  SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c

  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o

  HOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/conf

#

# configuration written to .config

#

 

At this step, you can modify default configuration using the menuconfig

 

$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig

如果在执行make ARCH＝arm menuconfig

后出现错误；

解决办法如下：

 

sudo apt-get insatll ncurses-dev

完成后ok!
 

接下来是编译内核，编译内核所需交叉编译器：
本人在ubuntu上面有一下两个交叉编译器：
1.arm-2007q1-10-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2
该版本比较适合用于编译内核的场合，经过测试该版本编译at91bootsap时出现问题；
2.arm-2009q1-161-arm-none-eabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2
该版本比较适合用于编译没有内核的场合，如at91bootstrap,uboot;
（以前用的VMWARE6.5+FC12安装好VM TOOL后就可以在／mnt/hgfs 访问window中的共享文件夹了；如今把FC12抛弃了，改装了ubuntu10.04但发现hgfs目录下是空的；
安照以下步骤解决该问题：
 
sudo apt-get install open-vm-dkms
安装过程均按照默认设置；

sudo mount -t vmhgfs .host:/ /mnt/hgfs
）

这里本人用arm-2007q1-10-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2来编译内核；
建立交叉编译环境：
在arm-2007q1-10-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2同级目录下：

sudo tar xvjf arm-2007q1-10-arm-none-linux-gnueabi.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local
完成后交叉编译器就已经建立好了，其路径如下：
/usr/local/arm-2007q1/bin/arm-none-linux-guneabi-


And build the Linux kernel image

 

$ make ARCH=arm  CROSS_COMPILE=<path_to_cross-compiler/cross-compiler-prefix-> zImage

 

[..]

 

  Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready

  Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready

 

make ARCH=arm  CROSS_COMPILE=<path_to_cross-compiler/cross-compiler-prefix-> uImage

本人实际命令如下：
make ARCH=arm  CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/local/arm-2007q1/bin/arm-none-linux-guneabi- uImage

 

注:make uImage 这个命令要求您的 Ubuntu 系统里面已经安装 uImage 工具,否则请使用一下命令安装该工具

sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage

内核编译结束,arch/arm/boot/目录下的 uImage 就是我们需要的结果。
 

[..]

 

  Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready

  Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready

  UIMAGE  arch/arm/boot/uImage

Image Name:   Linux-3.6.9+

Created:      Mon Feb  4 12:26:46 2013

Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)

Data Size:    2837352 Bytes = 2770.85 kB = 2.71 MB

Load Address: 20008000

Entry Point:  20008000

  Image arch/arm/boot/uImage is ready

 

接下来编译DTBS：
make ARCH=arm  CROSS_COMPILE=<path_to_cross-compiler/cross-compiler-prefix-> dtbs

 

[..]

 

  DTC     arch/arm/boot/at91sam9g20ek.dtb

DTC: dts->dtb  on file "arch/arm/boot/dts/at91sam9g20ek.dts"

  DTC     arch/arm/boot/at91sam9g20ek_2mmc.dtb

DTC: dts->dtb  on file "arch/arm/boot/dts/at91sam9g20ek_2mmc.dts"

 

[..]

 

DTC: dts->dtb  on file "arch/arm/boot/dts/at91sam9m10g45ek.dts"

  DTC     arch/arm/boot/at91sam9n12ek.dtb

DTC: dts->dtb  on file "arch/arm/boot/dts/at91sam9n12ek.dts"

  DTC     arch/arm/boot/at91sam9g15ek.dtb

DTC: dts->dtb  on file "arch/arm/boot/dts/at91sam9g15ek.dts"

  DTC     arch/arm/boot/at91sam9g25ek.dtb

DTC: dts->dtb  on file "arch/arm/boot/dts/at91sam9g25ek.dts"

  DTC     arch/arm/boot/at91sam9g35ek.dtb

DTC: dts->dtb  on file "arch/arm/boot/dts/at91sam9g35ek.dts"

  DTC     arch/arm/boot/at91sam9x25ek.dtb

DTC: dts->dtb  on file "arch/arm/boot/dts/at91sam9x25ek.dts"

  DTC     arch/arm/boot/at91sam9x35ek.dtb

DTC: dts->dtb  on file "arch/arm/boot/dts/at91sam9x35ek.dts"

  DTC     arch/arm/boot/sama5d31ek.dtb

DTC: dts->dtb  on file "arch/arm/boot/dts/sama5d31ek.dts"

  DTC     arch/arm/boot/sama5d31ek_pda.dtb

DTC: dts->dtb  on file "arch/arm/boot/dts/sama5d31ek_pda.dts"

  DTC     arch/arm/boot/sama5d33ek.dtb

DTC: dts->dtb  on file "arch/arm/boot/dts/sama5d33ek.dts"

  DTC     arch/arm/boot/sama5d33ek_pda.dtb

DTC: dts->dtb  on file "arch/arm/boot/dts/sama5d33ek_pda.dts"

  DTC     arch/arm/boot/sama5d34ek.dtb

DTC: dts->dtb  on file "arch/arm/boot/dts/sama5d34ek.dts"

  DTC     arch/arm/boot/sama5d34ek_pda.dtb

DTC: dts->dtb  on file "arch/arm/boot/dts/sama5d34ek_pda.dts"

  DTC     arch/arm/boot/sama5d35ek.dtb

DTC: dts->dtb  on file "arch/arm/boot/dts/sama5d35ek.dts"

 

path_to_cross-compiler is only needed if it is not in your PATH.

Usually cross-compiler-prefix- looks like arm-none-linux-gnueabi- or arm-linux-gnueabi-

 

If the building process is successful, the final images can be found under arch/arm/boot/ directory.

 

$ ls arch/arm/boot/

aks-cdu.dtb             at91sam9m10g45ek.dtb  ethernut5.dtb       sama5d33ek.dtb      tny_a9g20.dtb

at91sam9263ek.dtb       at91sam9n12ek.dtb     evk-pro3.dtb        sama5d33ek_pda.dtb  usb_a9260.dtb

at91sam9g15ek.dtb       at91sam9x25ek.dtb     install.sh          sama5d34ek.dtb      usb_a9263.dtb

at91sam9g20ek_2mmc.dtb  at91sam9x35ek.dtb     kizbox.dtb          sama5d34ek_pda.dtb  usb_a9g20.dtb

at91sam9g20ek.dtb       bootp                 Makefile            sama5d35ek.dtb

at91sam9g25ek.dtb       compressed            sama5d31ek.dtb      tny_a9260.dtb

at91sam9g35ek.dtb       dts                   sama5d31ek_pda.dtb  tny_a9263.dtb