标签: resistance

本应用笔记说明使用多层PCB如何改善分立元件的功耗。它侧重于讲解使用较大的覆铜来提高应用的热性能的影响。AN11076Thermalbehaviorofsmall-signaldiscretesonmultilayerPCBsRev.1―11July2011ApplicationnoteDocumentinformationInfoContentKeywordsLowVCEsat,BISS,thermalresistance(Rth),thermalimpedance(Zth),totalpowerdissipation(Ptot)AbstractThisapplicationnoteillustrateshowtoimprovethepowerdissipationofdiscretecomponentsbyusingmultilayerPCBs.Itfocusesontheimpactofusinglargercopperareastoimprovethethermalbehaviorofapplications.NXPSemiconductorsAN11076……

   Thermalmanagementisanimportantdesignconsiderationwithcomplexdevicesrunningathighspeedsandpowerlevelsasthesedevicescangeneratesignificantheat.Properthermalmanagementcanincreaseproductperformanceandlifeexpectancy.Thethermalmanagementrequirementsforaprogrammabledevicedependonitsapplication.AlteraRpackagesaredesignedtominimizethermalresistancecharacteristicsandmaximizeheatdissipation.However,insomecases,complexdesignsrequireheatdissipationgreaterthanpackagesprovide.……

Abstract:Twocommonthermal-resistancevaluesmeasuredforICpackagesarejunctiontoambient(ThetaJA)andjunctiontocase(ThetaJC).Theseparametersareusefulforcalculatingmaximumpowerdissipationandself-heating,andforcomparingpackagetypes.ThetaJAandThetaJCvaluesarepresentedhereforselectMaximtemperaturesensorsand1-Wire®devices.Examplesforcalculatingthevaluesaregiven.PackageThermalResistanceValues(ThetaJA,ThetaJC)forTemperatureSensorsand1-WireDevicesNov16,2006Abstract:Twocommonthermal-resistancevaluesmeasuredforICpackagesarejunctiontoambient(ThetaJA)andjunctiontocase(ThetaJC).Theseparametersareusefulforcalculatingmaximumpowerdissipationandself-heating,andforcomparingpackagetypes.ThetaJAandThetaJCvaluesarepresentedhereforselectMaximtemperaturesensorsand1-Wiredevices.Examplesforcalculatingthevaluesaregiven.IntroductionManagingheatinelectronicsystemsiscrucialforensuringproductreliability.Integratedcircuits(ICs)exposedtohightemperaturescanfailormalfunctioninthefield,thusrequiringcostlyrepairorredesign.Typicalthermal-resistanceparametersgivet……

摘要：许多工业和医学应用需要±1°C甚至更高精度的温度测量，并且成本合理，可覆盖宽温范围(-270°C至+1750°C)，这些系统往往还要求低功耗性能。经过正确选择和标准化处理，利用高分辨率ADC数据采集系统(DAS)和新型热电偶，能够覆盖这一温度范围，即使在恶劣的工业环境下，亦可确保精确测量。利用先进的热电偶和高分辨率Σ-ΔADC实现高精度温度测量JosephShtargot,应用工程师SohailMirza,应用经理Mar04,2012摘要：许多工业和医学应用需要±1°C甚至更高精度的温度测量，并且成本合理，可覆盖宽温范围(-270°C至+1750°C)，这些系统往往还要求低功耗性能。经过正确选择和标准化处理，利用高分辨率ADC数据采集系统(DAS)和新型热电偶，能够覆盖这一温度范围，即使在恶劣的工业环境下，亦可确保精确测量。类似文章于2011年6月22日发表在EETimes杂志。引言热电偶广泛用于各种温度检测。热电偶设计的最新进展，以及新标准和算法的出现，大大扩展了工作温度范围和精度。目前，温度检测可以在-270°C至+1750°C宽范围内达到±0.1°C的精度。为充分发挥新型热电偶能力，需要高分辨率热电偶温度测量系统。能够分辨极小电压的低噪声、24位、Σ-Δ模/数转换器(ADC)非常适合这项任务。数据采集系统(DAS)采用24位ADC评估(EV)板，热电偶能够在很宽的温度范围内实现温度测量。热电偶、铂电阻温度检测器(PRTD)和ADC相结合，可构成高性能温度测量系统。采用低成本、低功耗ADC的DAS系统，可理想满足便携式检测的应用需求。热电偶入门托马斯塞贝克在1822年发现了热电偶原理。热电偶是一种简单的温度测量装置，由两种不同金属(金属1和金属2)组成(图1)。塞贝克发现不同的金属将产生不同的、与温度梯度有关的电势。如果这些金属焊接在一起构成温度传感器结(TJUNC，也称为温度结)，另一端未连接的差分结(TCOLD，作为恒温参考端)上将呈现出电压，VOUT，该电压与焊接结的温度成正比。从而使热电偶输出随温度变化的电压/电荷，无需任……

摘要：许多工业和医学应用需要±1°C甚至更高精度的温度测量，并且成本合理，可覆盖宽温范围(-270°C至+1750°C)，这些系统往往还要求低功耗性能。经过正确选择和标准化处理，利用高分辨率ADC数据采集系统(DAS)和新型热电偶，能够覆盖这一温度范围，即使在恶劣的工业环境下，亦可确保精确测量。利用先进的热电偶和高分辨率Σ-ΔADC实现高精度温度测量JosephShtargot,应用工程师SohailMirza,应用经理Mar04,2012摘要：许多工业和医学应用需要±1°C甚至更高精度的温度测量，并且成本合理，可覆盖宽温范围(-270°C至+1750°C)，这些系统往往还要求低功耗性能。经过正确选择和标准化处理，利用高分辨率ADC数据采集系统(DAS)和新型热电偶，能够覆盖这一温度范围，即使在恶劣的工业环境下，亦可确保精确测量。类似文章于2011年6月22日发表在EETimes杂志。引言热电偶广泛用于各种温度检测。热电偶设计的最新进展，以及新标准和算法的出现，大大扩展了工作温度范围和精度。目前，温度检测可以在-270°C至+1750°C宽范围内达到±0.1°C的精度。为充分发挥新型热电偶能力，需要高分辨率热电偶温度测量系统。能够分辨极小电压的低噪声、24位、Σ-Δ模/数转换器(ADC)非常适合这项任务。数据采集系统(DAS)采用24位ADC评估(EV)板，热电偶能够在很宽的温度范围内实现温度测量。热电偶、铂电阻温度检测器(PRTD)和ADC相结合，可构成高性能温度测量系统。采用低成本、低功耗ADC的DAS系统，可理想满足便携式检测的应用需求。热电偶入门托马斯塞贝克在1822年发现了热电偶原理。热电偶是一种简单的温度测量装置，由两种不同金属(金属1和金属2)组成(图1)。塞贝克发现不同的金属将产生不同的、与温度梯度有关的电势。如果这些金属焊接在一起构成温度传感器结(TJUNC，也称为温度结)，另一端未连接的差分结(TCOLD，作为恒温参考端)上将呈现出电压，VOUT，该电压与焊接结的温度成正比。从而使热电偶输出随温度变化的电压/电荷，无需任……

Abstract:Thisin-deptharticlecoversthetheorybehindaDelta-Sigmaanalog-to-digitalconverter(ADC).Itspecificallyfocusesonthedifficulttounderstandkeydigitalconceptsofover-sampling,noiseshaping,anddecimationfiltering.Adescriptionofnewconverter,theMAX1402,andseveralapplicationsforDelta-Sigmaconvertersareincluded.Maxim>AppNotes>A/DandD/AConversion/SamplingCircuitsTemperatureSensorsandThermalManagementKeywords:Delta-Sigma,analogtodigitalconverters,ADCs,AtoD,A/D,oversampling,noiseshaping,decimation,decimationfilters,Jan31,2003MAX1402,thermocouplemeasurement,RTD,resistancetemperaturedetectors,4-20mA,4-20mAtrnasmitterAPPLICATIONNOTE1870DemystifyingDelta-SigmaADCsAbstract:Thisin-deptharticlecoversthetheorybehindaDelta-Sigmaanalog-to-digitalconverter(ADC).Itspecificallyfocusesonthedifficulttounderstandkeydigitalconceptsofover-sampling,noiseshaping,anddecimationfiltering.Adescriptionofnewconverter,theMAX1402,andseveralapplicationsforDelta-Sigmaconvertersareincluded.Sigma-deltaconvertersofferhighre……

Abstract:TheThermalNoiseCalculator(TNC)aidsintheanalysisofthermalnoisefoundinresistorsandothernoisesources.TheprogramisforusewithanHP®50gcalculatororfreePCemulator.Maxim>DesignSupport>AppNotes>A/DandD/AConversion/SamplingCircuits>APP5059Maxim>DesignSupport>AppNotes>AmplifierandComparatorCircuits>APP5059Maxim>DesignSupport>AppNotes>DigitalPotentiometers>APP5059Keywords:thermalnoise,noisevoltage,whitespectraldensity,Johnsonresistance,temperature,1/fcornerfrequency,calculators,analogcircuitdesign,HP50gprograms,designtool,circuitanalysis,signaltestmeasurement,bandwidth,clock,jitter,analogreferredAug23,2011APPLICATIONNOTE5059ThermalNoiseCalculatorTutorialBy:BillLaumeister,StrategicApplicationsEngineerAbstract:TheThermalNoiseCalculator(TNC……

：取消负载允许运算放大器的能力高输出电流，同时维持所有其他高精度规格，例如，获得了很高的开放环，低偏置的电压和电流、低偏移电压和电流的偏移量的噪音，低失真。Maxim>AppNotes>AMPLIFIERANDCOMPARATORCIRCUITSKeywords:negativeresistance,opamp,operationalamplifier,loadcanceling,open-loopgain,lowoffsetJan31,2003voltage,offsetcurrent,lowoffset-voltage,offset-currentnoise,lowdistortion,opampAPPLICATIONNOTE1868NegativeResistorCancelsOpAmpLoadAbstract:Cancelingtheloadallowstheopampthecapabilityforhighoutputcurrentwhilemaintainingalltheotherhigh-accuracyspecificationssuchasveryhighopen-loopgain,lowoffsetvoltageandcurrent,lowoffset-voltageandoffset-currentnoise,andlowdistortion.Accurateopampsareoftencharacterizedashavingveryhighopen-loopgain,lowoffsetvoltageandcurrent,lowoffset-voltageandoffset-currentnoise,andlowdistortion.Conspicuouslyabsen……

摘要：出于安全原因，我们保持我们的电路引用到我们的环境。在大多数情况下，这是大地。本应用笔记介绍了如何正确理解释放的本地电路接地作为参考点我们的思维去考虑其他的简单电路。Maxim>AppNotes>AUDIOCIRCUITSCIRCUITPROTECTIONGENERALENGINEERINGTOPICSSIGNALGENERATIONCIRCUITSTEMPERATURESENSORSandTHERMALMANAGEMENTKeywords:Initialaccuracy,digitalpots,potentiometer,resistance,voltagedividers,ratiometric,ratiosteps,Sep25,2008LSB,tapserror,referencedecoupling,EarthGround,highpush-buttoninterface,commonspaceshuttle,localpotentialAPPLICATIONNOTE4292WhereIsGround?By:BillLaumeisterAbstract:Forsafetyreasonswekeepourcircuitsreferencedtooursurroundings.Inmostcasesthisisearthground.Thisapplicationnoteexplainshowaproperunderstandingoflocalcircuitgroundasareferencepointfreesourthinkingtoconsiderothersimplecircuits.Whereisgroundinspace?Usuallyengineeringisstrictlyco……

【应用笔记】FPGA的发热管理(ThermalManagementforFPGAs)本应用笔记提供对Altera器件的发热管理向导，帮组你决定你应用中的热性能。ThisapplicationnoteprovidesguidanceonthermalmanagementofAltera®devicesandhelpsyoudeterminethethermalperformanceforyourapplication.ThefactorsyoumustconsiderinevaluatingheatdissipationincludeevaluatingthecharacteristicsofthePCBused,determiningtheuseforaheatsink,andselectingthetypeofthermalinterfacematerial(TIM).ThermalManagementforFPGAsThermalManagementforFPGAsAN-358-4.0ApplicationNoteThisapplicationnoteprovidesguidanceonthermalmanagementofAlteradevicesandhelpsyoudeterminethethermalperformanceforyourapplication.ThefactorsyoumustconsiderinevaluatingheatdissipationincludeevaluatingthecharacteristicsofthePCBused,determiningtheuseforaheatsink,andselectingthetypeofthermalin……

摘要：超低电阻表面安装电流检测电阻像理想的包。物理设计，皮带的金属，似乎理想，提供可能的最低电感。往往这些电阻需要某种形式的电阻电容筛选以限制开关噪声峰值。问题是分流器的时间常数是除以回路电阻的包电感。因此，低分流电阻、越长衰变倍。Maxim>AppNotes>BATTERYMANAGEMENTPOWER-SUPPLYCIRCUITSKeywords:currentsense,resistor,surfacemount,currentshunt,current-senseresistors,shuntresistanceDec27,2001APPLICATIONNOTE908Ultra-LowResistanceSurfaceMountCurrentShuntsAbstract:Ultra-lowresistancesurfacemountcurrent-senseresistorsseemliketheidealpackage.Thephysicaldesign,astrapofmetal,seemsideal,offeringthelowestinductancepossible.Toooftentheseresistorsneedsomekindofresistorcapacitorfiltertolimittheswitchingnoisespikes.Theproblemisthatthetimeconstantfortheshuntisthepackageinductancedividedbythecircuitresistance.Consequently,thelowertheshuntresistance,thelongerthedecaytimes.Ultra-lowresistancesurfacemountcurrent-sens……

摘要：超低电阻表面贴装电流感应电阻看起来就像理想的包。物理设计，金属表带，似乎很理想，提供尽可能最低的电感。往往这些电阻需要一些电阻电容滤波器来限制开关噪声尖峰。问题是，分流器的时间常数除以电路的电阻，封装电感。因此，分流电阻低，时间越长，衰减时间。Maxim>AppNotes>BATTERYMANAGEMENTPOWER-SUPPLYCIRCUITSKeywords:currentsense,resistor,surfacemount,currentshunt,current-senseresistors,shuntresistanceDec27,2001APPLICATIONNOTE908Ultra-LowResistanceSurfaceMountCurrentShuntsAbstract:Ultra-lowresistancesurfacemountcurrent-senseresistorsseemliketheidealpackage.Thephysicaldesign,astrapofmetal,seemsideal,offeringthelowestinductancepossible.Toooftentheseresistorsneedsomekindofresistorcapacitorfiltertolimittheswitchingnoisespikes.Theproblemisthatthetimeconstantfortheshuntisthepackageinductancedividedbythecircuitresistance.Consequently,thelowertheshuntresistance,thelongerthedecaytimes.Ultra-lowresistancesurfacemountcurrent-sens……

摘要：出于安全原因，我们保持我们的电路引用到我们的环境。在大多数情况下，这是大地。本应用笔记介绍了如何正确理解释放的本地电路接地作为参考点我们的思维去考虑其他的简单电路。Maxim>AppNotes>AUDIOCIRCUITSCIRCUITPROTECTIONGENERALENGINEERINGTOPICSSIGNALGENERATIONCIRCUITSTEMPERATURESENSORSandTHERMALMANAGEMENTKeywords:Initialaccuracy,digitalpots,potentiometer,resistance,voltagedividers,ratiometric,ratiosteps,Sep25,2008LSB,tapserror,referencedecoupling,EarthGround,highpush-buttoninterface,commonspaceshuttle,localpotentialAPPLICATIONNOTE4292WhereIsGround?By:BillLaumeisterAbstract:Forsafetyreasonswekeepourcircuitsreferencedtooursurroundings.Inmostcasesthisisearthground.Thisapplicationnoteexplainshowaproperunderstandingoflocalcircuitgroundasareferencepointfreesourthinkingtoconsiderothersimplecircuits.Whereisgroundinspace?Usuallyengineeringisstrictlyco……

摘要：CMOS源的追随者不容易电路设计，但仔细分析，并考虑在BSIM模型源电阻，设计人员可以实现更精确的结果，以达到更好的匹配低噪声放大器的设计。Maxim>AppNotes>COMMUNICATIONSCIRCUITSKeywords:SourceResistance,CMOS,Source-Follower,Source-Followergain,BJT,bipolarjunctiontransistor,Jun27,2008commondrainamplifier,small-signalmodel,calculatingsourceresistance,intrinisicgm',low-noiseamplifierAPPLICATIONNOTE4231CMOSSourceResistanceandItsEffectsonSource-FollowerGainBy:JohnRobinsonAbstract:CMOSsourcefollowersarenoteasycircuitstodesign,butbycarefulanalysisandbytakingsourceresistanceintoaccountintheBSIMmodels,designerscanachievemoreaccurateresultstoachievebettermatchinginthedesignoflow-noiseamplifiers.IntroductionTheCMOSsourcefollowerisadifficultdevicetodesignusingaCMOSdevice,becausethetransconductanceofaCMOSdeviceislowco……

摘要：本应用笔记介绍一般形式为E1收发器芯片的接口电路和显示如何分配变压器附近的阻力。它解释了为什么需要不同的保护技术，发射器和接收引脚。它讨论了回波损耗的重要性，并说明了如何计算。特色的DS2153/DS2154E1单芯片收发器集成电路。Maxim>AppNotes>CommunicationscircuitsKeywords:trandceiver,E1,transmitter,receiver,transformer,serierresistance,receivecircuit,transmitcircuit,returnlossOct12,2001APPLICATIONNOTE352GeneralnetworkinterfacedesigncriteriafortheDS2153andDS2154Abstract:ThisapplicationnotepresentsageneralformoftheinterfacecircuitforE1transceiverchipsandshowshowtodistributeresistancearoundthetransformers.Itexplainswhythetransmitterandreceiverpinsrequiredifferentprotectiontechniques.Itdiscussestheimportanceofreturnlossandshowshowtocalculateit.TheDS2153/DS2154E1single-chiptransceiverICsarefeatured.Figure1.Generalnetworkinterfacecircuit.Figure1illustratesageneralformoftheinterfacecircuitforE1tr……

摘要：线性数字电位器，可用于任意电压曲线和波形。为数字电位器的替代名称是一个“字符串”数字-模拟转换器（DAC）。测井盆是线性锅产生对数响应的应用，如音频的艺术。Maxim>AppNotes>A/DandD/AConversion/SamplingCircuitsAudioCircuitsDigitalPotentiometersGeneralEngineeringTopicsKeywords:digitalpots,potentiometer,voltagedivider,sensorconditioning,ratiometric,precisionresistor,Dec11,2008resistance,ratio,singlepowersupply,temperaturecoefficient,lowdrift,linear,log,logarithmic,arbitrarywaveformcurve,stringDAC,audioAPPLICATIONNOTE4346Pots,Pans,Logs,andLinearDigitalPotsCreateArbitraryVoltageCurvesBy:BillLaumeisterAbstract:Lineardigitalpotentiometerscanbeusedtomakearbitraryvoltagecurvesandwaveforms.Analternativenameforadigitalpotisa"string"digital-to-analogconverter(DAC).Loggingpotsistheartofmakingalinearpotproducealogarithmicresponsefora……

摘要：热噪声计算器（TNC）艾滋病在电阻和其他噪声源中的热噪声分析。该方案是®50克使用惠普计算器或免费的PC模拟器Maxim>DesignSupport>AppNotes>A/DandD/AConversion/SamplingCircuits>APP5059Maxim>DesignSupport>AppNotes>AmplifierandComparatorCircuits>APP5059Maxim>DesignSupport>AppNotes>DigitalPotentiometers>APP5059Keywords:thermalnoise,noisevoltage,whitespectraldensity,Johnsonresistance,temperature,1/fcornerfrequency,calculators,analogcircuitdesign,HP50gprograms,designtool,circuitanalysis,signaltestmeasurement,bandwidth,clock,jitter,analogreferredAug23,2011APPLICATIONNOTE5059ThermalNoiseCalculatorTutorialBy:BillLaumeister,StrategicApplicationsEngineerAbstract:TheThermalNoiseCalculator(TNC……

摘要：铁路分裂是一个人造的虚拟接地作为参考电压。它是用来设置信号匹配运算放大器的“甜蜜点”。运算放大器具有最线性，无失真的品质，甜蜜点。通常情况下，甜蜜点附近发生单电源轨和地面之间的中心。在信号的情况下，虚拟的地面控制复或开关信号时，通道的DC错误。Maxim>AppNotes>AudioCircuitsGeneralEngineeringTopicsPower-SupplyCircuitsKeywords:OpAmps,VirtualGround,RailSplitter,multiplexer,MUX,voltagedivider,sensorconditioning,Dec19,2008precisionresistor,digitalpots,potentiometer,resistance,singlepowersupply,center,matching-bias,reference,channeloffset,settlingtime,errorAPPLICATIONNOTE4344RailSplitter,fromAbrahamLincolntoVirtualGroundBy:BillLaumeisterAbstract:Railsplittingiscreatinganartificialvirtualgroundasareferencevoltage.Itisusedtosetthesignaltomatchtheopamp's"sweetspot."Anopamphasthemostlinear-anddistortion-freequalitiesatthatsweetspot.Typically,thesweetspotoccursnearthecenterbetweenthesinglepowerrailandground.Inthecase……

摘要：电气过应力（EOS）和静电放电（ESD）是集成电路的危险。愚蠢的人类借口，聘请安慰剂，并希望物理定律并不适用于他们。这篇文章揭露了这种想法的愚蠢，并提出切实可行的方法来保护电子系统。Maxim>AppNotes>A/DandD/Aconversion/samplingcircuitsAmplifierandcomparatorcircuitsCircuitprotectionGeneralengineeringtopicsProtectionandisolationKeywords:iInitialaccuracy,digitalpots,potentiometer,resistance,voltagedividers,ratiometric,ratiosteps,LSB,tapserror,referenceMar02,2011decoupling,EarthGround,highpush-buttoninterface,commonspaceshuttle,localpotentialAPPLICATIONNOTE4991Oops...PracticalESDProtectionvs.FoolhardyPlacebosBy:BillLaumeisterAbstract:Electricaloverstress(EOS)andelectrostaticdischarge(ESD)aredangeroustointegratedcircuits.Foolishhumansmakeexcuses,employplacebos,andhopethatthelawsofphysicswillnotapplytothem.Thisarticleexposesthefollyofthatthinkingandsuggestspractical……

摘要：两种常见的IC封装热阻的测量值是结到环境（的ThetaJA）和结点到外壳（西塔赛马）。这些参数计算最大功耗和自发热，和封装类型比较有用的。选择Maxim的温度传感器和1-Wire®器件的ThetaJA和Theta赛马值这里介绍。计算值的例子。Maxim>DesignSupport>TechnicalDocuments>ApplicationNotes>1-WireDevices>APP3930Maxim>DesignSupport>TechnicalDocuments>ApplicationNotes>GeneralEngineeringTopics>APP3930Maxim>DesignSupport>TechnicalDocuments>ApplicationNotes>MeasurementCircuits>APP3930Keywords:ThetaJA,ThetaJC,theta-ja,theta-jc,selfheating,thermaldissipation,heatdissipation,powerdissipation,thermalresistance,junctiontocase,junctiontoambient,temperature,sensor,temperaturesensor,thermalNov16,2006APPLICATIONNOTE3930PackageThermalResistanceValues(ThetaJA,ThetaJC)forTemperatureSensorsand1-W……