标签: 绘图

（一）初阶绘图 (1) hold on / off 将多幅图像显示在一张图 hold on; plot(cos(0:pi/20:2*pi)); plot(sin(0:pi/20:2*pi)); hold off; （2）改变图像的外观 hold on; plot(cos(0:pi/20:2*pi),'or'); plot(sin(0:pi/20:2*pi),'xg'); hold off; （3）为图像添加图例 clear all; x=0:0.5:4*pi; y=sin(x); h=cos(x); w=1./(1+exp(-x)); g=(1/(2*pi*2)^0.5).*exp((-1.*(x-2*pi).^2)./(2*2^2)); plot(x,y,'bd-',x,h,'gp:',x,w,'ro-',x,g,'c^-'); legend('sin(x)','cos(x)','Sigmoid','Gauss'); （4）title 和 label clear all; x=0:0.1:2*pi; y1=sin(x); y2=exp(-x); plot(x,y1,'--*',x,y2,':o'); xlabel('t=0 to 2\pi'); ylabel('values of sin(t) and e^{-x}'); title('Function Plots of sin(t) and e^{-x}'); legend('sin(t)','e^{-x}'); (5)text()和annotation()-箭头 clear all x=linspace(0,3); y=x.^2.*sin(x); plot(x,y); line( , ); str='$$ \int_{0}^{2} x^2\sin(x) dx $$'; text(0.25,2.5,str,'Interpreter','latex'); annotation('arrow','X', ,'Y', ); (6)图形调整 字体，字体大小，线宽，数轴范围、标记的位置 （6.1）一张图的构成 （6.2.1）获取目标的句柄的方法：get() x=linspace(0,2*pi,1000); y=sin(x); plot(x,y); h=plot(x,y); get(h) AlignVertexCenters: 'off' Annotation: BeingDeleted: 'off' BusyAction: 'queue' ButtonDownFcn: '' Children: Clipping: 'on' Color: CreateFcn: '' DeleteFcn: '' DisplayName: '' HandleVisibility: 'on' HitTest: 'on' Interruptible: 'on' LineJoin: 'round' LineStyle: '-' LineWidth: 0.5000 Marker: 'none' MarkerEdgeColor: 'auto' MarkerFaceColor: 'none' MarkerSize: 6 Parent: PickableParts: 'visible' Selected: 'off' SelectionHighlight: 'on' Tag: '' Type: 'line' UIContextMenu: UserData: XDataMode: 'manual' XDataSource: '' YData: YDataSource: '' ZData: ZDataSource: '' get(gca) ALim: ALimMode: 'auto' ActivePositionProperty: 'outerposition' AmbientLightColor: BeingDeleted: 'off' Box: 'on' BoxStyle: 'back' BusyAction: 'queue' ButtonDownFcn: '' CLim: CLimMode: 'auto' CameraPosition: CameraPositionMode: 'auto' CameraTarget: CameraTargetMode: 'auto' CameraUpVector: CameraUpVectorMode: 'auto' CameraViewAngle: 6.6086 CameraViewAngleMode: 'auto' Children: Clipping: 'on' ClippingStyle: '3dbox' Color: ColorOrder: ColorOrderIndex: 2 CreateFcn: '' CurrentPoint: DataAspectRatio: DataAspectRatioMode: 'auto' DeleteFcn: '' FontAngle: 'normal' FontName: 'Helvetica' FontSize: 10 FontSmoothing: 'on' FontUnits: 'points' FontWeight: 'normal' GridAlpha: 0.1500 GridAlphaMode: 'auto' GridColor: GridColorMode: 'auto' GridLineStyle: '-' HandleVisibility: 'on' HitTest: 'on' Interruptible: 'on' LabelFontSizeMultiplier: 1.1000 Layer: 'bottom' LineStyleOrder: '-' LineStyleOrderIndex: 1 LineWidth: 0.5000 MinorGridAlpha: 0.2500 MinorGridAlphaMode: 'auto' MinorGridColor: MinorGridColorMode: 'auto' MinorGridLineStyle: ':' NextPlot: 'replace' OuterPosition: Parent: PickableParts: 'visible' PlotBoxAspectRatio: PlotBoxAspectRatioMode: 'auto' Position: Projection: 'orthographic' Selected: 'off' SelectionHighlight: 'on' SortMethod: 'childorder' Tag: '' TickDir: 'in' TickDirMode: 'auto' TickLabelInterpreter: 'tex' TickLength: TightInset: Title: TitleFontSizeMultiplier: 1.1000 TitleFontWeight: 'normal' Type: 'axes' UIContextMenu: Units: 'normalized' UserData: Visible: 'on' XAxis: XAxisLocation: 'bottom' XColor: XColorMode: 'auto' XDir: 'normal' XGrid: 'off' XLabel: XLim: XLimMode: 'auto' XMinorGrid: 'off' XMinorTick: 'off' XScale: 'linear' XTick: XTickLabel: {8x1 cell} XTickLabelMode: 'auto' XTickLabelRotation: 0 XTickMode: 'auto' YAxis: YAxisLocation: 'left' YColor: YColorMode: 'auto' YDir: 'normal' YGrid: 'off' YLabel: YLim: YLimMode: 'auto' YMinorGrid: 'off' YMinorTick: 'off' YScale: 'linear' YTick: YTickLabel: {11x1 cell} YTickLabelMode: 'auto' YTickLabelRotation: 0 YTickMode: 'auto' ZAxis: ZColor: ZColorMode: 'auto' ZDir: 'normal' ZGrid: 'off' ZLabel: ZLim: ZLimMode: 'auto' ZMinorGrid: 'off' ZMinorTick: 'off' ZScale: 'linear' ZTick: ZTickLabel: '' ZTickLabelMode: 'auto' ZTickLabelRotation: 0 ZTickMode: 'auto' （6.2.2） 原图像 set(gca,'XLim', ); set(gca,'YLim', ); 或者 xlim( ); ylim( ); 修改后的图像 set(gca,'FontSize',25) set(gca,'XTick',0:pi/2:2*pi); set(gca,'XTickLabel',0:90:360); set(gca,'FontName','symbol'); set(gca,'XTickLabel',{'0','p/2','p','3p/2','2p'}) （6.3） Marker clear x=rand(20,1); set(gca,'FontSize',18); plot(x,'-md','LineWidth',2,'MarkerEdgeColor','k',...) 'MarkerFaceColor','g','MarkerSize',10) xlim( ) （6.4）图形的位置和大小 一张图里画多幅图像 控制 grid,box,axis 保存图像到文件 （二）高阶绘图 1、Logarithm Plots clear all x=logspace(-1,1,100); y=x.^2; subplot(2,2,1); plot(x,y); title('Plot'); subplot(2,2,2); semilogx(x,y); title('Semilogx'); subplot(2,2,3); semilogy(x,y); title('Semilogy'); subplot(2,2,4); loglog(x,y); title('LogLog'); 2、plotyy() clear all x=0:0.01:20; y1=200*exp(-0.05*x).*sin(x); y2=0.8*exp(-0.5*x).*sin(10*x); =plotyy(x,y1,x,y2); set(get(AX(1),'Ylabel'),'String','Left Y-axis'); set(get(AX(2),'Ylabel'),'String','Right Y-axis'); title('Labeling plotyy'); set(H1,'LineStyle','--'); set(H2,'LineStyle',':'); 3、histogram (统计图) 看整体的情况 clear all y=randn(1,1000); subplot(2,1,1); hist(y,10); title('Bins=10'); subplot(2,1,2); hist(y,50); title('Bins=50'); 4、Bar Charts (看个别情况) clear all x= ; y= ; subplot(1,3,1);bar(x);title('bargraph of vector x'); subplot(1,3,2);bar(y);title('bargraph of vector y'); subplot(1,3,3);bar3(y);title('3D bargraph'); 5、Stacked and Horizontal Bar Charts clear all x= ; y= ; subplot(1,2,1); bar(y,'stacked'); title('Stacked'); subplot(1,2,2); barh(y); title('Horizontal'); 6、Pie Charts clear all a= ; subplot(1,3,1);pie(a); subplot(1,3,2);pie(a, ); subplot(1,3,3);pie3(a, ); 7、Polar Chart clear all x=1:100; theta=x/10; r=log10(x); subplot(1,4,1);polar(theta,r); theta=linspace(0,2*pi);r=cos(4*theta); subplot(1,4,2);polar(theta,r); theta=linspace(0,2*pi,6);r=ones(1,length(theta)); subplot(1,4,3);polar(theta,r); theta=linspace(0,2*pi);r=1-sin(theta); subplot(1,4,4);polar(theta,r); 8、Stairs and stem charts clear all x=linspace(0,4*pi,40);y=sin(x); subplot(1,2,1);stairs(y); subplot(1,2,2);stem(y); 9、Error bar clear all x=0:pi/10:pi; y=sin(x); e=std(y)*ones(size(x)); errorbar(x,y,e); 10、fill() clear all; t=(1:2:15)'*pi/8; x=sin(t); y=cos(t); fill(x,y,'r');axis square off; text(0,0,'STOP','Color','w','FontSize',80,... 'FontWeight','bold','HorizontalAlignment','center'); 11、配色的设置 12、以照片的方式查看图 imagesc() clear all =meshgrid(-3:.2:3,-3:.2:3); z=x.^2+x.*y+y.^2; surf(x,y,z); box on; set(gca,'FontSize',16); zlabel('z'); xlim( );xlabel('x'); ylim( );ylabel('y'); imagesc(z);axis square;xlabel('x');ylabel('y');colorbar; colormap(hot); 13、3D 画图 13.1 plot3() clear all x=0:0.1:3*pi; z1=sin(x); z2=sin(2*x); z3=sin(3*x); y1=zeros(size(x)); y3=ones(size(x)); y2=y3./2; plot3(x,y1,z1,'r',x,y2,z2,'b',x,y3,z3,'g'); grid on; xlabel('x-axis');ylabel('y-axis');zlabel('z-axis'); 13.2 Surface Plots mesh() 和 surf() clear all; x=-3.5:0.2:3.5; y=-3.5:0.2:3.5; =meshgrid(x,y); Z=X.*exp(-X.^2-Y.^2); subplot(1,2,1);mesh(X,Y,Z); subplot(1,2,2);surf(X,Y,Z); 13.3 contoour() 将3D图投影到2D平面 clear all; x=-3.5:0.2:3.5; y=-3.5:0.2:3.5; =meshgrid(x,y); Z=X.*exp(-X.^2-Y.^2); subplot(2,1,1);mesh(X,Y,Z); axis square; subplot(2,1,2); contour(X,Y,Z); axis square; 13.4 View Angle: view() clear all; sphere(50);shading flat; light('Position', ); light('Position', ); material shiny; axis vis3d off; set(gcf,'Color', ); view(-45,20); 13.5 light() clear all; =sphere(64); h=surf(X,Y,Z); axis square vis3d off; reds=zeros(256,3); reds(:,1)=(0:256.-1)/255; colormap(reds); shading interp; lighting phong; set(h,'AmbientStrength',0.75,'DiffuseStrength',0.5); L1=light('Position', ); set(L1,'Position', ); set(L1,'Color','g'); 14、练习 clear all; load cape; X=conv2(ones(9,9)/81,cumsum(cumsum(randn(100,100)),2)); surf(X,'EdgeColor','none','EdgeLighting','Phong',... 'FaceColor','interp'); colormap(map); caxis( ); grid off; axis off; ​ ​

SerialChart串口数据波形描绘软件是一个非常有用的软件，利用单片机串口发出的数据流通过电脑接收然后显示成数据趋势波形，方便分析连续变量以及PID参数整定等等。 下载地址： http://code.google.com/p/serialchart/ 下载后安装，打开你会看到右侧配置是空的，你需要添加以下配置信息：   port=COM3 baudrate=9600 width=500 height=200 background_color = white   grid_h_origin = 100 grid_h_step = 10 grid_h_color = gray grid_h_origin_color = black   grid_v_origin = 10 grid_v_step = 10 grid_v_color = gray grid_v_origin_color = red   min=-1024 max=1024   color=green   color=blue   color=red   粘贴完了保存配置，这个软件默认关闭不保存的哦   然后为了测试这个软件，你需要安装虚拟串口，实现电脑内新建两个虚拟串口，并且是可以通讯的，也可以不用软件模拟，直接在硬件上模拟，串口交叉线即可。   然后装个串口调试助手帮助你发测试数据给这个软件，以上配置文件的解释如下： 标签不用解释 串口号不用解释 比特率不用解释 width=500代表下面的绘图区域横宽是500像素 高类似，这样就定义了绘图区域 背景色白色，你可以改其它色，不过白色挺好的   就像示波器一样不能没有参考坐标吧，下面几句就是定义参考坐标的属性的 grid_h_origin = 100    水平坐标线位置，也就是横轴画在哪里，注意是从顶上开始数像素 grid_h_step = 10         水平画坐标线的间隔 grid_h_color = gray     水平坐标线的颜色，这里是灰色 grid_h_origin_color = black   水平横轴的颜色，这里是黑色   grid_v_origin = 10       垂直坐标线位置，也就是竖轴位置，从左数，这个软件有个毛病，如果横纵坐标原始位置设成绘图区域的边界的话，就会不显示，小bug呵呵 grid_v_step = 10       垂直分隔含义与上面类似 grid_v_color = gray grid_v_origin_color = red   竖轴设为红色的   下面就和数据有关了：   min=-1024 max=1024  这两个参数代表了整个绘图区域从最底下到最上边代表的数据范围，我写的是从负1024到正1024这么个数据范围，我的串口数据不会超过这个范围     color=green    数据区1的曲线颜色定义，下同，你有多少组数据，也就是要画多少条曲线，就要定义多少个field   color=blue   color=red       颜色定义参考这个地址：http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/types.html#ColorKeywords   数据发送格式一定要ascii 码的数据，数据加逗号加数据加逗号加数据加回车换行符 汇编代码举例来说：   我要发送这三个数据给软件绘图： 110,607,1020（回车换行符）数据加逗号之后一定要跟着回车换行符 以16进制看发送的数据如下 31 31 30 2C 36 30 37 2C 31 30 32 30 0D 0A（记住数据全是ascii码，3几开头的，中间逗号是2C，末尾加0D 0A） 刚测试数据是带小数点的也可以接收