AN535Freescale Semiconductor Application Note Document Number: AN535 Rev. 1.0, 02/2006 Phase-Locked Loop Design Fundamentals by: Garth Nash Applications Engineering Abstract The fundamental design concepts for phase-locked loops implemented with integrated circuits are outlined. The necessary equations required to evaluate the basic loop performance are given in conjunction with a brief design example. NOTE This document contains references to obsolete part numbers and is offered for technical information only. Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Parameter Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Type - Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Error Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Sta……