Ubuntu:Edgy cn

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非官方 Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft) 入门指南

鉴于 Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft) 刚刚发布, 本指南仍在不断更新。请加入进来帮助我们测试完善这个指南.

这份手册的英文原作者是马来西亚吉隆坡的Chua Wen Kiat。 目前由拉脱维亚大学的Linux中心 维护，任何人都可以参与编辑。

请到官方的 UbuntuGuide.org 论坛 讨论这个指南。

为了防止Wiki遭到蓄意破坏，只有注册用户才能修改这个Wiki和创立新帐号。 如果你想加入创作团队，请发中文或者英文Email给[ usa点chen-AT-gmail点com ]。 请不要忘记 说明你想要的帐号名称以及你想要创建或者修改哪些内容。

之前版本

• Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake)
  

• 5.10 (Breezy Badger)
  

• Ubuntu 5.04 的保加利亚语版本: http://www.ubuntuguide.hit.bg/
  

概述

1. 这是一份Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft)非官方入门指南。本指南与Ubuntu及Canonical Ltd没有任何关系
   
2. 本指南可以ubuntuforums.org的官方论坛上讨论（UbuntuGuide.org Forum）你现在就可以加入讨论。
   
3. 如果你看到浅灰色方框，这意味你必须在终端下运行命令(应用程序-> 附件 -> 终端)或按方框内所提示的内容按其它命令执行。
   
4. 为了减少键盘输入错误，请将命令复制后粘贴到终端(在命令上点击鼠标右键-> "复制" or "粘贴"。你也使用“Ctrl+C"复制及“Shift+Insert”粘贴)
   
5. "sudo"表示以超级用户执行（superuser do）。"sudo"会出现"Password:"的提示，请"Password:“后输入用户密码。
   
6. 如果你更深入了解任何命令更多信息，你仅简单通过输入“man”命令去查看帮助页面。例如："man sudo"将显示”sudo“命令的帮助页面。
   
7. 如果你十分厌烦每次都需要键入"apt-get", 请参看 #如何以个更便捷的方式使用(Synaptic)
   
8. 使用"apt-get" and "wget"执行安装／更新／下载时，请确保你的计算机连上网络。
   
9. 下载文件时，在链接上点击鼠标右键－>选择“”To download file, right click on the link -> Select "链接另存为..." -> 确保文件名和扩展名的正确。
   
10. 如果你想把UbuntuI翻译成本地语言或在其它方面帮助Ubuntu，请访问https://launchpad.net/
    
11. 愿“humanity to others”精神永远与你同在.
    

如果你使用64位的版本，请所有的“i386“替换为”amd64“

入门

关于Ubuntu

• http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
  

Ubuntu 6.10 Edgy Eft的新特性

• https://wiki.ubuntu.com/EdgyEft
  

Edgy Eft的重要链接

• Ubuntu Forums Links
  

Ubuntu的屏幕截图

• Ubuntu 6.10 Beta Screenshots
  
• Ubuntu 6.10 Knot3 Screenshots
  
• Ubuntu 6.10 Knot 1 Screenshots
  

Kubuntu的屏幕截图

• Kubuntu 6.10 Knot3 Screenshots
  

Xubuntu的屏幕截图

• Xubuntu 6.10 Knot3 Screenshots
  

Edubuntu的屏幕截图

• Edubuntu 6.10 Knot3 Screenshots
  

查看Ubuntu程序/函数库列表

• 运行dpkg -l命令: 请在[1]这里查看
  
• http://packages.ubuntu.com/edgy
  
• http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntu
  

下载Ubuntu

• http://www.ubuntu.com/products/GetUbuntu/download?action=show&redirect=download
  

免费订购 Ubuntu 光盘

• https://shipit.ubuntu.com
  

There will be no Edgy Eft ShipIt CDs (Announcement), instead you can still obtain Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake LTS CDs via ShipIt.

请注意投递这些光盘需要四到六周的时间。鼓励你复制，更改和重分发这些光盘，当然是越多越好！

使用Ubuntu的帮助

• 查看: 系统 -> 帮助 -> 系统文档
  
• 官方文档站点
  
• Ubuntu 文档,文章 and Howto's
  
• 官方用户文档(wiki)
  
• Ubuntu Document Storage Facility
  
• [2]
  
• Web Forums
  
• IRC 频道
  

获得更多的应用程序

• http://gnomefiles.org/
  
• http://www.kde-apps.org/
  
• http://freshmeat.net
  
• http://sourceforge.net/
  

获得更多的桌面主题

• http://www.gnome-look.org/
  
• http://www.kde-look.org/
  
• http://art.gnome.org/
  

软件库

如何添加其它的软件库

• 参考 #概述
  
• 你可以通过 使用新立得软件包管理器添加其它的软件库。新手会发现通过使用软件包管理器的添加附加的软件库，界面更友好，易上手。 如果你按以上链接要求去做, 你就不必按以下提示去作了。
  

sudo cp -p /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

• 用以下内容替换文件中的所有内容
  

如果使用本地镜像，你可以在archive.ubuntu.com之前加"cc." before (cc = 你的国家代码)

e.g. deb http://lv.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy main restricted universe multiverse

## Add comments (##) in front of any line to remove it from being checked.   
## Use the following sources.list at your own risk.  

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

## MAJOR BUG FIX UPDATES produced after the final release
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

## UBUNTU SECURITY UPDATES
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-security main restricted universe multiverse

## BACKPORTS REPOSITORY (Unsupported.  May contain illegal packages.  Use at own risk.)
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## PLF REPOSITORY (Unsupported.  May contain illegal packages.  Use at own risk.)
deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/plf edgy-plf free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/plf edgy-plf free non-free                                               

## CANONICAL COMMERCIAL REPOSITORY (Hosted on Canonical servers, not Ubuntu
## servers. RealPlayer10, Opera, DesktopSecure and more to come.) 
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu edgy-commercial main

## Listen
#deb http://theli.free.fr/packages/ edgy listen

• 保存编辑好的文件
  

wget http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf/12B83718.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

• 你也可以生成你自己的sources.list或者从http://www.ubuntulinux.nl/source-o-matic上找到其他的仓库:
  

• 你也可以使用更复杂的配置: sources.list 注意有一定风险！
  

• 只有在明白的所做的配置才去更改默认的。 混合软件库会导致系统breakage.
  

更新Ubuntu

如何手动更新Ubuntu

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考#如何添加其它的软件苦
  

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade

或

使用更新管理器: 系统 -> 系统管理 -> 更新管理器

安装其它软件

如何使用 Easy Ubuntu

• 参考 #概述
  
• Easy Ubuntu是一个轻巧的工具，能使新手十分容易为Ubuntu安装多种软件： 媒体编码（codecs）, 字体, Macromedia Flash 和 Sun Java.
  

打开应用程序菜单-> 附件 -> 终端 然后运行以下命令：

wget http://easyubuntu.freecontrib.org/files/easyubuntu-3.023.tar.gz
tar -zxf easyubuntu-3.023.tar.gz
cd easyubuntu
cp packagelist-dapper.pot packagelist-edgy.pot
cp packagelist-dapper.xml packagelist-edgy.xml
sudo python easyubuntu.in

• 在Easy Ubuntu 窗口中,选择相应的选项按钮为Ubuntu下载安装合适的软件。
  
• Note: Users of the previous EasyUbuntu 3.0 version may experience issues with installing Flash and Java.
  
• 如果希望能自动升级，请按以下步骤进行操作：
  

不同的Ubuntu版本需要不同的命令：

Ubuntu:

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Kubuntu:

sudo kate /etc/apt/sources.list

编辑器打开后，将以下内容加到你的/etc/apt/sources.list 文件末尾:

deb http://easyubuntu.cafuego.net main easyubuntu

现在，EasyUbuntu就会自动升级了。

• Easyubuntu Installation With Screenshots
  

如何为Ubuntu, Kubuntu和Xubuntu安装Automatix2

• Read #概述
  
• Automatix2是基于python语言的Automatix重写版本：界面更友好，能够自动为Ubuntu, Kubuntu和Xubuntu安装为许多常用软件。
  
• 注意: , 安装之前，请注意某些编码在特定的国家是被限制使用的！您有责任确保没有触犯这些法律。
  

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list 

• 将以下内容加到/etc/apt/sources.list文件末
  

## Automatix repo
deb http://www.getautomatix.com/apt edgy main

• : Kubuntu/Xubuntu 用户需要去掉所用附加软件库的注释(把“deb”前的#去掉)，同时也需要加上automatix软件库。
  

• 获得 GPG key
  

wget http://www.getautomatix.com/apt/key.gpg.asc
gpg --import key.gpg.asc
gpg --export --armor 521A9C7C | sudo apt-key add -

• 更新 APT
  

sudo apt-get update

• 运行以下命令安装Automatix2
  

sudo apt-get install automatix2

• Automatix2 可从菜单运行
  

菜单 -> 系统 -> Automatix

• Automatix2也可从终端运行，在终端中键入以下命令
  

automatix2

• Automatix 的屏幕截图
  

安装附加软件的其他脚本

wget http://www.iki.fi/kuparine/comp/ubuntu/install.sh
sh install.sh

关于这种安装的更多信息，可以在以下网站找到：http://www.iki.fi/kuparine/comp/ubuntu/install.html

如何安装J2SE运行环境(JRE)及相应Mozilla Firefox插件

注意: Automatix2包含了该软件。如果你已经使用过Automatix2, JRE及相应的插件应该已经安装好。

• 参考 #概述
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jre sun-java5-plugin

• 当出现提问, 请选择同意DLJ协议
  

• 将J2SE设置为默认的JVM (很多软件需要J2SE：Frostwire, RSSOwl ，Mozilla Firefox的java插件):
  

sudo update-alternatives --config java

然后选择相应的J2SE选项(通常是第三项).

如何安装JRE v5.0 Update 9

注意: Automatix2包含了该软件。如果你已经使用过Automatix2, JRE及相应的插件应该已经安装好。

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

• 打开 http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp
  

选择 "Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 5.0 Update 9" 然后点击"Download"
接受（Accept）许可证协议书 
下载 "Linux self-extracting file"

• 安装必需的工具 :
  

sudo apt-get install java-package

• 创建 Ubuntu 软件包 :
  

fakeroot make-jpkg jre-1_5_0_09-linux-i586.bin

• 安装生成的软件包 :
  

sudo dpkg -i sun-j2re1.5_1.5.0+update09_i386.deb

• 重新启动 Mozilla Firefox
  
• 如果出现错误提示，试试把文件名的09改成合适的版本号。
  

如何安装java开发套件(JDK) v5.0

• 参考 #概述
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jdk

• 接受出现的许可证协议。
  

• 设置Sun's JVM为默认Java版本:
  

sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-1.5.0-sun

• 编辑/etc/jvm 把/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun这行移到JVM选项顶部:
  

gksudo gedit /etc/jvm

如何安装Mozilla Firefox插件：Flash 播放器 (Macromedia Flash)

• 参考#概述
  
• Read #添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
sudo update-flashplugin

注意: 如果出现错误提示：软件没有找到，试试用Gnash (GNU Flash替代)

sudo apt-get install libflash-mozplugin

• 重新启动Mozilla Firefox
  

Note: 如果访问带有flash内容网站，firefox出现崩溃，按以下方法解决:

sudo gedit /usr/bin/firefox

and add the following line as last but one line of the file:

export XLIB_SKIP_ARGB_VISUALS=1

现在 firefox应该不可能再崩溃了。
(Launchpad bug report: [3])

• 重新启动 Mozilla Firefox
  

Note: 如果Flash播放器中声音无法正常工作(例如在YouTube):

sudo apt-get install alsa-oss
gksudo gedit /etc/firefox/firefoxrc

更改:

FIREFOX_DSP=""

为:

FIREFOX_DSP="aoss"

• 重新启动Mozilla Firefox，现在Flash播放器应该能够播放声音了。
  

如何为 Mozilla Firefox 更新 Flash Player 9 Beta (Macromedia Flash) 插件

备注: 程序包含在Automatix2中. 如果您已经安装使用了Automatix2, 本程序可能已经被安装了

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何安装Mozilla Firefox插件：Flash 播放器 (Macromedia Flash)
  

wget http://download.macromedia.com/pub/labs/flashplayer9_update/FP9_plugin_beta_101806.tar.gz
tar xvzf FP9_plugin_beta_101806.tar.gz
sudo cp flash-player-plugin-9.0.21.55/libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/ 

• 重启 Mozilla Firefox
  

如何安装PDF阅读器(Adobe Reader)及相应Mozilla Firefox插件

• 参考#概述
  
• 参考#如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install acroread mozilla-acroread acroread-plugins

• 应用程序-> 办公 -> Adobe Reader
  
• 重新启动 Mozilla Firefox
  

注意: 正在运行SCIM时，你将无法运行Adobe Reader 7.0。如果你已经通过 系统->系统管理->语言支持 安装了其他语言，并运行SCIM。需通过以下方法来解决该问题。

gksudo gedit /usr/bin/acroread

修改:

#!/bin/sh
#

为:

#!/bin/sh
#
GTK_IM_MODULE=xim

保存文件。 Adobe Reader 7.0 将会正常运行。

See also:

• #How to associate Adobe Reader with files in Nautilus
  
• #How to print from Adobe Reader
  
• #How to pull apart and combine pdf files
  

如何安装下载管理器 (Downloader for X)

• 参考 #概述
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install d4x

• 应用程序 -> Internet -> Downloader for X
  

如何安装密码管理器(Revelation)

• 参考#概述
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install revelation

• 应用程序 -> 附件 -> Revelation Password Manager
  

安装FTP客户端程序 (gFTP)

• 阅读 #概述
  
• 阅读 # 如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install gftp

• 在菜单中选择 Applications（程序） -> Internet（互联网） -> gFTP
  

如何安装IRC客户端(XChat)

注意: Automatix2已经包含该程序， 如果你已经使用Automatix2, 该程序应该已经安装了

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install xchat xchat-systray 

• 应用程序 -> Internet -> XChat IRC
  

如何安装文件共享工具(LinuxDC++)

• 参考 #概述
  

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/linuxdcpp.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf linuxdcpp.tar.gz -C /opt
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/linuxdcpp.desktop

• 在新增的文件内加入下面这几行
  

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=LinuxDC++
Exec=linuxdcpp
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Icon=/opt/linuxdcpp/pixmaps/linuxdcpp.png
Categories=Application;Network;

• 保存编辑好的文件
  

• 应用程序 -> Internet -> LinuxDC++
  
• 如果利用CVS来生成最新版本，可以参考this guide
  

如何安装P2P BT客户端 (Azureus)

注意: Automatix2已经包含该程序， 如果你已经使用Automatix2, 该程序应该已经安装了

• 参考 #概述
  

sudo apt-get install azureus

• 应用程序 -> Internet -> Azureus
  

• (替代方法) 以上方法装的Azureus通过gcj编译生成的, 也可以选择使用Sun公司的Java.
  

• 参考 #概述
  
• Read #H如何添加其它的软件库
  
• Read # 如何安装J2SE运行环境(JRE)及相应Mozilla Firefox插件
  

wget http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/azureus/Azureus_2.5.0.0_linux.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf Azureus_2.5.0.0_linux.tar.bz2 -C /opt/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/azureus.desktop

• 在新增的文件内加入下面这几行
  

[Desktop Entry] 
Name=Azureus
Comment=Java BitTorrent Client
Exec=/opt/azureus/azureus
Icon=/opt/azureus/Azureus.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

• 保存编辑好的文件
  

• 应用程序 -> Internet -> Azureus
  

如何安装 P2PB BT客户端 (Bittornado)

注意: Automatix2已经包含该程序， 如果你已经使用Automatix2, 该程序应该已经安装了

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install bittornado bittornado-gui

• 应用程序 -> Internet -> Bittornado Client
  

如何安装P2P eMule客户端(aMule)

注意: Automatix2和Easy Ubuntu已经包含该程序， 如果你已经使用Automatix2和Easy Ubuntu之一, 该程序应该已经安装了

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install amule

• 应用程序 -> Internet -> aMule
  

如何安装P2P Gnutella客户端 (FrostWire)

注意: Automatix2已经包含该程序， 如果你已经使用Automatix2, 该程序应该已经安装了

• Read #概述
  
• Read #如何安装J2SE运行环境(JRE)及相应Mozilla Firefox插件
  

wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb
sudo dpkg -i FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb

• 应用 -> Internet -> FrostWire
  

如何安装即时通讯软件 (Skype)

注意: Automatix2已经包含该程序， 如果你已经使用Automatix2, 该程序应该已经安装了

• 参考 #概述
  

• Ubuntu Edgy 已经不再将Skype纳到库里，你必须自己从Skype下载DEB软件包:
  

wget http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb

• 安装下载的软件包:
  

sudo dpkg -i skype_debian-*.deb

• 另外你也可以将链接地址http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb粘贴到Firefox地址栏中， bar, Firefox 会下载这个软件包，然后运行包管理器安装
  

• 应用程序 > Internet > Skype
  

如何安装WinPopup (LinPopUp)

• Read #概述
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• Read #如何安装 Samba 服务器来提供 文件/文件夹 共享服务
  

sudo apt-get install linpopup
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/linpopup.desktop

• 将下列代码插入新建的文件中:
  

[Desktop Entry]
Name=LinPopUp
Comment=LinPopUp
Exec=linpopup
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/linpopup.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Utility;

• 保存该文件
  
• Applications -> Accessories -> LinPopUp
  

如何安装多媒体编码

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-gl gstreamer0.10-plugins-base \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse w32codecs

• 参考 #怎样重启GNOME（不用重启计算机）
  

Stubby: 除了wmv, 所有其他编码解码器都工作正常

Radiobuzzer: WMV9编码解码器工作不正常-特别是对于amd64用户. 进阶用户应参考 这个补丁

如何安装才能播放DVD

ironss:
gstreamer提供的dvd插件位于plugins-bad (抑或ugly?),可靠性不好.
然而您可以用以xine作为后端的Toteme来播放DVD视盘. 您可以一直用到gstreamer能够真正回放dvd之时. 注意,
按照下列之建议, 您不必安装xine-ui或mplayer

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install libdvdread3 
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/install-css.sh
sudo apt-get install totem-xine

Stubby: gstreamer之dvd插件还未引入dapper. 下列指示将导致不能适当运作

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2

如何安装MIDI音色服务器(Timidity++)(译注:即波表合成器)

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• Timidity允许那些没有MIDI硬件或者不具备内建MIDI处理能力的声卡的用户(大多数用户都是如此)能够通过一个软件合成器回放MIDI音乐.
  

• 首先安装Timidity
  

sudo apt-get install timidity

• 将Timidity设置为系统加载时启动
  

sudo gedit /etc/default/timidity

• 将下面这行解除注释(删去前面的"#")
  

#TIM_ALSASEQ=true

• 同时加载所需模块
  

sudo gedit /etc/modules

• 将下列内容添加到上述文件末尾
  

snd-seq-device
snd-seq-midi
snd-seq-oss
snd-seq-midi-event
snd-seq

• 重启
  

如何安装多媒体播放器 (xine-ui)

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• 参考 #如何安装多媒体编码
  
• 参考 #如何安装才能播放DVD
  

sudo apt-get install xine-ui libxine-extracodecs

• 应用程序 -> Sound & Video -> xine
  

如何安装媒体播放器(VLC)含Mozilla Firefox插件

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-* mozilla-plugin-vlc

• 为了能让VLC播放视频流, 您还需要安装下列程序包.
  

apt-get install avahi-daemon
apt-get install avahi-utils

应用程序 -> Sound and Video -> VLC Media Player

How to install Multimedia Player (Mplayer) with plug-in for Mozilla Firefox

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer

程序 -> 声音和视频-> MPlayer Movie Player

• Mplayer 安装屏幕抓图
  

如何安装多媒体播放器(Totem)的火狐狸插件

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• 参考 #如何安装多媒体解码器
  
• 参考 #如何安装DVD回放功能
  

sudo apt-get install totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin

• 重启火狐狸
  

如何安装多媒体播放器(XMMS)

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• 参考 #如何安装多媒体解码器
  

sudo apt-get install xmms xmms-skins
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb

• 程序 -> 声音和视频 -> XMMS
  

如何安装多媒体播放器(amaroK)

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• 参考 #如何安装多媒体解码器
  

sudo apt-get install amarok

• 程序 -> 声音和视频 -> amaroK
  

如何安装多媒体播放器(RealPlayer 10)

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install realplay

注意: 'realplay' 从PLF软件库安装RealPlayer 10 , 须遵守安装引导。 'realplayer'从multiverse安装RealPlayer 8 。

• 程序 -> 声音和视频 -> RealPlayer 10
  
• 将自动安装火狐狸的插件以播放real视频。
  
• 要避免闪烁或屏幕空白，进入
  
• RealPlayer 10 -> 工具 -> 属性 -> 硬件 -> Uncheck XVideo
  

可选源

• 下载Realplayer的官方Linux版本
  
• 添加安装者的执行许可
  
• 运行和安装
  

如何安装Stream Directory Browser (streamtuner)

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install streamtuner
sudo apt-get install streamripper

• 程序 -> 声音和视频 -> streamtuner
  

How to install Music Organizer (Cowbell)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install cowbell

• Applications -> Sound & Video -> Cowbell Music Organizer
  

How to install ID3 Tag Editor (EasyTAG)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install easytag

• Applications -> Sound & Video -> EasyTAG
  

How to install Video Editor (Kino)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• Read #How to install Multimedia Codecs
  

sudo apt-get install kino
sudo apt-get install kinoplus
sudo apt-get install kino-timfx
sudo apt-get install kino-dvtitler

• Applications -> Sound & Video -> Kino Video Editor
  

如何安装音频编辑软件 (Audacity)

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• 参考 #如何安装多媒体编码
  

sudo apt-get install audacity

• Applications -> Sound & Video -> Audacity
  

如何安装作曲软件 (NoteEdit)

• Read #概述
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• Read #How_to_install_MIDI_sound_server_.28Timidity.2B.2B.29
  

sudo apt-get install noteedit lilypond
sudo gedit noteedit.desktop

• 在新建文件中添加下面几行
  

[Desktop Entry]
Name=NoteEdit
Comment=A free music score editor
Exec=noteedit
Icon=/usr/share/app-install/icons/noteedit.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;

• 保存文件
  
• Applications -> Sound & Video -> NoteEdit
  

How to install Music Manager and Player (Banshee)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• Read #How to install Multimedia Codecs
  

sudo apt-get install banshee

How to install DVD Ripper (dvd::rip)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• Read #How to install Multimedia Codecs
  
• Read #How to install DVD playback capability
  
• Read #How to install Multimedia Player (Totem) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
  
• Read #How to install RAR Archiver (rar)
  

sudo apt-get install dvdrip vcdimager cdrdao subtitleripper
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/rar-2.80
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dvdrip.desktop

• Insert the following lines into the new file
  

[Desktop Entry]
Name=dvd::rip 
Comment=dvd::rip
Exec=dvdrip
Icon=/usr/share/perl5/Video/DVDRip/icon.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;

• Save the edited file
  
• Applications -> Sound & Video -> dvd::rip
  

How to install DVD Ripper (AcidRip)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• Read #How to install Multimedia Player (Mplayer) with plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
  

sudo apt-get install acidrip

Note: AcidRip will not recognize dvd if dma is turned on. If so undo the process #How to speed up CD/DVD-ROM.

How to install CD Ripper (Goobox)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• Read #How to install Multimedia Codecs
  

sudo apt-get install goobox
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop

• Insert the following lines into the new file
  

[Desktop Entry]
Name=CD Player & Ripper
Comment=Play and extract CDs
Exec=goobox
Icon=goobox.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;

• Save the edited file
  
• Applications -> Sound & Video -> CD Player & Ripper
  

How to install Image Viewer (digiKam)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install digikam digikamimageplugins kipi-plugins

• Applications -> Graphics -> digikam
  

How to install Picasa image organizer

• Read #General Notes
  

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

• Add the following lines at the end of file
  

# Google Picasa for Linux repository
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/deb/ stable non-free

• Save the edited file
  

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install picasa

• Applications -> Graphics -> Picasa
  

• Picasa Installation with Screenshots
  

How to install Internet TV (DemocracyTV beta)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

• If your system has a 32bit processor (i386) open a Terminal and type
  

wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/pculture.org/democracy/linux/ubuntu/democracyplayer-data_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_all.deb
wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/pculture.org/democracy/linux/ubuntu/democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_i386.deb
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo dpkg -i democracyplayer-data_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_all.deb
sudo apt-get install mozilla-browser mozilla-psm mozilla-dev
sudo dpkg -i democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_i386.deb

• if your system has a 64bit processor (amd64)
  

wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/pculture.org/democracy/linux/ubuntu/democracyplayer-data_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_all.deb
wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/pculture.org/democracy/linux/ubuntu/democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo dpkg -i democracyplayer-data_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_all.deb
sudo apt-get install mozilla-browser mozilla-psm mozilla-dev
sudo dpkg -i democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_amd64.deb

• in both cases you might also need to install dependencies of the player package if dpkg returns a dependency error.
  

sudo apt-get -f install

• to get support for more formats you have to install libxine-extracodecs (check Restricted Formats for more info)
  

sudo apt-get install libxine-extracodecs

or use an alternate procedure: double click (or right click and
select "Open with gdebi") on the deb files so they are opened with
gdebi, first democracyplayer-data_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_all.deb and after
that democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_i386.deb (if you have a 32bit
processor) or democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_amd64.deb (if you have
a 64bit processor)

• Applications -> Sound & Video -> Democracy TV
  

How to install Vector Graphics Editor (Inkscape)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install inkscape

Second installation method:

1. Download the official Inkscape Linux installer.
2. Choose a mirror and save it to your Desktop.
3. Right-click it, enable "Properties --> Permissions --> Owner:Execute" and close the dialogue box. (One-time procedure)
4. Double-click it and follow the instructions.
5. Install the support code system-wide, if you have the root password. (One-time procedure)

NOTE: You can and should install the program as a User, rather than Root. This is easily accomplished with the second method.

How to install Opera web browser

Package may be not found in the repository --Radiobuzzer 22:12, 25 October 2006 (EEST)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install opera

• Applications -> Internet -> Opera
  

• To get java working go to
  Tools->Preferences->Advanced->Content-> Check "Enable
  Java". Click the "Enable Java..." button enter
  "/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/jre/lib/i386" (for sun java) in the new
  dialog and then click the "Validate Java Path" button.
  

How to install Email Client (Mozilla Thunderbird)

Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird

• Applications -> Internet -> Thunderbird Mail Client
  

How to install Newsreader (Pan)

• Read #General Notes
  

sudo apt-get install pan

• Applications -> Internet -> Pan Newsreader
  

How to install RSS/RDF/Atom Newsreader (RSSOwl)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
  

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
gksudo gedit /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh

• Insert the following lines into the new file
  

export MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME=/usr/lib/mozilla-firefox
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:${MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME}:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
cd /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
./run.sh

• Save the edited file
  

sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RSSOwl.desktop

• Insert the following lines into the new file
  

[Desktop Entry]
Name=RSSOwl
Comment=RSSOwl
Exec=runRSSOwl.sh
Icon=/opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/rssowl.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

• Save the edited file
  
• Applications -> Internet -> RSSOwl
  

How to install Web Authoring System (Nvu)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install nvu
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop

• Insert the following lines into the new file
  

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nvu
Comment=Web Development Editor
Exec=nvu
Icon=nvu.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Development;

• Save the edited file
  
• Applications -> Internet -> Nvu
  

How to install Web Development Environment (quanta plus)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install quanta

• Applications -> Programming -> Quanta Plus
  

How to install Project Management Application (Planner)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install planner

• Applications -> Office -> Project Management
  

How to install jedit

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• Read #How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
  

wget -c http://optusnet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit/jedit_4.3pre6_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i jedit_4.3pre6_all.deb

• Applications -> Programming -> Programmers text editor jedit
  

Note: Install jedit on Dapper Drake might cause broken
package which leads to Synaptic Package Manager fails to function. To
remove see #How to remove jedit when Synaptic package manager fails after install.

How to install Accounting Application (GnuCash)

Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install gnucash

• Applications -> Office -> GnuCash
  

How to install Desktop Publishing Application (Scribus)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install scribus

• Applications -> Office -> Scribus
  

How to install Diagram Editor (Dia)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install dia-gnome

• Applications -> Graphics -> Dia
  

How to install Compiled HTML Help (CHM) Viewer (xCHM)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install xchm

• Applications -> Graphics -> xCHM
  

How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (GnomeBaker)

Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install gnomebaker

• Applications -> Sound & Video -> GnomeBaker
  

How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (K3b)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install k3b libk3b2-mp3

• Applications -> Sound & Video -> K3b
  

How to install Dialup PPP Client (GNOME PPP)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install gnome-ppp

• Applications -> Internet -> GNOME PPP
  

How to install Broadband ADSL/PPPoE Client (RP-PPPoE)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential)
  

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RP-PPPoE.desktop

• Insert the following lines into the new file
  

[Desktop Entry]
Name=RP-PPPoE
Comment=RP-PPPoE
Exec=gksudo /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/go-gui
Icon=pppoeconf.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

• Save the edited file
  
• Applications -> Internet -> RP-PPPoE
  

怎样安装启动服务管理器 Boot-Up Manager (BUM)

• 阅读 #概述
  
• 阅读 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install bum

• 菜单 System -> Administration -> Boot-Up Manager
  

How to install Partition Editor (GParted)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install gparted

• Applications -> System Tools -> GParted
  

How to install Firewall (Firestarter)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install firestarter

• Applications -> System Tools -> Firestarter
  

How to install network traffic analyzer (Ethereal)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install ethereal

• Applications -> Internet -> Ethereal
  

How to install Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install nessus
sudo apt-get install nessusd
sudo nessus-adduser
sudo ln -fs /etc/init.d/nessusd /etc/rc2.d/S20nessusd
sudo /etc/init.d/nessusd start
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nessus.desktop

• Insert the following lines into the new file
  

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nessus
Comment=Nessus
Exec=nessus
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/nessus.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;

• Save the edited file
  
• Applications -> System Tools -> Nessus
  

How to install RAR Archiver (rar)

Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install rar 
sudo apt-get install unrar

• Applications -> Accessories -> Archive Manager
  

如何安装额外的字体

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-arabic
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-asian
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-european
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-phonetic
sudo apt-get install gsfonts-x11
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
sudo fc-cache -f -v

• 参考 #怎样重启GNOME（不用重启计算机）
  

注: Ubuntu Dapper 版本内含 DejaVu 字体 (由Bitstream Vera衍生出来), 该字体充分支持拉丁文,希腊文,西里儿文为基础的语言.

如何安装中文输入法 (SCIM)

以下信息假设您已经安装了中文支持,若不知道如何安装请参考 这里

请注意,SCIM已经安装了默认的精简版, 要安装中文,日文或韩文支持请使用 系统>管理>语言支持. wiki有更多准确的信息

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• 参考 #如何安装额外的字体
  

sudo apt-get install language-pack-gnome-zh language-pack-gnome-zh-base language-pack-zh language-pack-zh-base language-support-zh
sudo apt-get install scim scim-modules-socket scim-modules-table scim-pinyin scim-tables-zh scim-input-pad
sudo sh -c " echo 'export XMODIFIERS=@im=SCIM ; export GTK_IM_MODULE="scim" ; scim -d ' > /etc/X11/Xsession.d/95xinput "
sudo chmod 755 /etc/X11/Xsession.d/95xinput

• 英文环境下运行SCIM请修改环境设置如下:
  

sudo gedit  /etc/environment

LANGUAGE="en_US:en"
LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LANG="en_GB.UTF-8"
GST_ID3_TAG_ENCODING=GBK

• 你可以在这里找到设置 系统 -> 首选项 -> SCIM 输入法设置
  
• 运行SCIM
  

按 'Ctrl + Space'

如何安装桌面小程序(gDesklets)

注: Automatix2已包含本程序. 如果您已在使用Automatix2, 本程序应已安装

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install gdesklets
sudo apt-get install gdesklets-data

• Applications -> Accessories -> gDesklets
  
• 更多信息请参看: http://www.gdesklets.org/
  

如何安装基本编译器 (build-essential)

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install build-essential

如何安装.rpm到.deb的转换程序(Alien)

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install alien

如何安装集成开发环境 (Anjuta)

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install anjuta

• Applications -> Programming -> Anjuta IDE
  

如何安装 C# 集成开发环境 (MonoDevelop)

• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install mono mono-gmcs mono-gac mono-utils monodevelop

如何安装JAVA集成开发环境 (Eclipse)

• 请参阅 #概述
  
• 请参阅 #如何安装其它软件包
  

sudo apt-get install eclipse

• 应用程序 -> 编程开发 -> Eclipse
  
• Ubuntu 6.10默认安装Eclipse 3.2.0
  

如何安装3D建模工具 (Blender 3d)

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install blender

• Applications -> Graphics -> Blender 3D modeller
  

如何安装Tuxracer游戏

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install planetpenguin-racer planetpenguin-racer-data planetpenguin-racer-extras

• Applications -> Games -> planetpenguin-racer
  

如何安装Frozen-Bubble游戏

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install frozen-bubble

• Applications -> Games -> Frozen-Bubble
  

如何安装Scorched3D游戏

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install scorched3d
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/scorched3d.desktop

• 在上面的文件中插入下列内容
  

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Scorched 3D
Comment=A 3D Remake Of Scorched Earth
Exec=scorched3d
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Game;ArcadeGame;

• 保存文件
  
• Applications -> Games -> Scorched 3D
  

如何安装即时战略游戏(globulation 2 alpha21)

wget http://globulation2.org/releases/0.8.21/glob2_alpha21_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i glob2_alpha21_i386.deb

如果dpkg显示了一个依赖包错误,那么您可能需要安装下列依赖包

sudo apt-get -f install

键入下列命令启动游戏

glob2

如何安装虚拟天文馆(Stellarium)

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install stellarium
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/stellarium.desktop

• 在上面的文件中插入以下内容
  

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Stellarium
Comment=Virtual planetarium
Exec=stellarium
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Education;
Icon=stellarium

• Applications -> Education -> Stellarium
  

第二种安装方案 method: (version 0.6.2)

1. 下载 Stellarium Linux installer.
2. 保存文件到桌面.
3. 右键点击该文件, 钩选 "Properties --> Permissions --> Owner:Execute", 关闭对话框. (一次性手续)
4. 双击文件, 跟随其随后的指示.
5. 如果您知道root的密码,那么将支持代码安装于全系统中. (一次性手续)

注: 您可以而且应该以普通用户而非root来安装此程序. 用第二种方案很容易达成上述目的.

如何安装用于 Firefox 的 Google Toolbar(工具栏)

目前版本的 Google Toolbar 在 Ubtuntu 6.06 中的 FireFox 1.5.0.5 下工作正常。

在 Firefox 中, 点击下面的链接

http://www.google.com/tools/firefox/toolbar/

然后点击那个大的下载按钮。

如何安装 Google Earth

• 请参阅 #概述
  

wget -c http://dl.google.com/earth/GE4/GoogleEarthLinux.bin
sudo sh GoogleEarthLinux.bin

• 保持 /usr/local/google-earth 作为安装路径。
  
• 安装完成后点击 Exit. 如果你希望运行这个程序，请参考下面的注意。
  

sudo cp /usr/local/google-earth/googleearth.desktop /usr/share/applications/

• Applications(应用程序) -> Internet(互联网) -> Google Earth
  

• 注意: 如果你第一次是从安装程序中启动 Google Earth，那么下次就需要 root 权限才能运行。修复这个问题:
  

sudo chmod 777 -R ~/.googleearth

How to install KDE Edutainment applications

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install kdeedu

• Applications -> Education -> ...
  

How to install Internet Explorer + Flash 9

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• Read #How to install Windows_Applications in Linux (Wine)
  

This will install a wine'd version of Internet Explorer 6 with Flash 9, as well as IE 5.5/5.01 if you really want them.

• Note: This installed Flash 9 will NOT be available in browsers other than IE.
  
• Install Cabextract. Open a terminal and run
  

sudo apt-get install cabextract

• Open a terminal and run this:
  

wget http://www.tatanka.com.br/ies4linux/downloads/ies4linux-latest.tar.gz
tar zxvf ies4linux-latest.tar.gz
cd ies4linux-*
./ies4linux

Do not run this as root (no sudo), as this can cause the script to malfunction and ruin your X configuration.

How to install Python Development Tools

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

Python Dev Tools

sudo apt-get install gcc libc6-dev python-dev python-setuptools python2.4-profiler

Install EZ Setup (tool for installing Python stuff)

wget http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py
sudo python ez_setup.py

Upgrade Setup Tools

sudo easy_install -U --script-dir /usr/local/bin setuptools

Install TurboGears Framework (optional)

sudo easy_install --script-dir /usr/local/bin TurboGears

如何安装 Windows 应用程序 (Wine)

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

Wine 不是一个模拟器。Wine 是一个 Windows API 的开源实现，构筑于 X 和 Unix 之上。可以把 Wine
看作一个能够运行 Windows 程序的兼容层。Wine 并不需要 Microsoft Windows，因为它本身就是 Windows API
的一个完全自由的替代品，由100%的非 Microsoft 的代码组成。尽管如此， 只要有原生的 Windwos 动态链接库(native
Windows DLL)存在，Wine 就可以随意的使用。

换句话说，Wine 使你可以在 Linux 下运行 Windows 应用程序。

• 首先为 Wine 添加软件库：
  

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

• 在文件的最后添加下面几行
  

# Repository for wine
deb http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt dapper main
deb-src http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt dapper main

• 保存编辑的文件
  

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine

• 更多信息请见 http://www.winehq.com/
  

How to install a Drop Down Terminal like in First Person Shooters (tilda)

• Read #General Notes
  

Do you want a console like in a first person shooter? Tilda should take care of you.

sudo apt-get install tilda

• The default keybinding is F1. To change the default
  keybinding, either enter tilda -C at the terminal, or right click on
  the tilda terminal then click Preferences. While in preferences, you
  can change other things such as transparency, font, size, and window
  size.
  

其它图形桌面环境

如何安装KDE

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• 你也可以先看看一些KDE 截图
  

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

注意: 安装需要大约400MB的磁盘空间

• 系统（System） -> 退出（Log Out） -> 登出（Log Out）
  
• 从KDE登录： 点击 会话（Sessions） 然后选择 KDE
  

如何安装 XFCE

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  
• 你也可以先看看一些XFCE 截图
  

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

• 系统（System） -> 退出（Log Out） -> 登出（Log Out）
  
• 从XFCE登录： 点击 会话（Sessions）， 然后选择 XFCE
  

如何安装 XFCE 4.4 预览版 (4.3.90.1)

• to install Xfce 4.4 beta 1 (4.3.90.1) on a fresh install of Dapper:
  

• 下载XFCE 4.4 预览版 (see http://www.xfce.org)
  

sudo apt-get install build-essential gcc pkg-config libglib2.0-0 \
     libglib2.0-dev libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-dev libxml++2.6c2a libxml++2.6-dev \
     libvte-dev libvte4 a2ps libxpm-dev libxpm4 alsa-source alsa alsa-base \
     alsa-oss alsa-utils libxml-parser-perl libpng12-0 libpng12-dev libdbh1.0-dev

chmod +x xfce4-4.3.90.1-installer.bin
sudo ./xfce4-4.3.90.1-installer.bin

• on installer, use default setting, except:
  

  Extensive Optimizations, can be truned on for 386
  

  Use ALSA for the Xfce Mixer, can be turned off
  

  (see http://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?t=4697&)
  

  
  

• finally to enable Xfce, you may need to enable it on the desktop manager (mark allow Xfce manage desktop)
  

How to install FluxBox

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

这有一些 截图. Fluxbox是一种流行的轻量级的窗口管理器。

sudo apt-get install fluxbox

让它随GDM启动

echo "exec startfluxbox" > ~/.xinitrc

让它登录时播放悦耳的声音

sudo apt-get install sox
gedit ~/.fluxbox/startup

• 查找到以下行:
  

exec /usr/local/bin/fluxbox

• 在以上行之前插入以下内容Put:
  

play /usr/share/sounds/login.wav > /dev/null 2>&1 &

• 放松去听吧.
  

Eye Candy 爱看的 

如何安装Xgl/Compiz(Nvidia)

• 如果需要彻底了解如何在不同显卡上安装设置和调节XGL的信息, 请看: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=148351
  

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)
  

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

• 找到下面这节(section)
  

Section "Module"
	Load	"i2c"
	Load	"bitmap"
	...
	Load	"type1"
	Load	"vbe"
EndSection

• 将下面两条注释掉(如果有的话)
  

#	Load	"dri"
#	Load	"GLcore"

• 确保glx模块的装入
  

	Load	"glx"

• 找到下面这节(section)(您的具体内容可能有所不同)
  

Section "Device"
	Identifier	"NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"
	Driver		"nv"
	BusID		"PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection

• 上面这节中, Identifier和BusID保持不变, 其余的以下面内容代替
  

Section "Device"
	...
	Driver		"nvidia"
	...
	Option		"RenderAccel"		"true"
	Option		"AllowGLXWithComposite" "true"
EndSection

• 找到下面这节(section)
  

Section "Screen"
	Identifier	"Default Screen"
	Device		"NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"
	Monitor		"Generic Monitor"
	DefaultDepth	16

• 确保DefaultDepth设置为24
  

	DefaultDepth	24

• 保存文件
  
• 安装Xgl/Compiz
  

sudo apt-get install compiz xserver-xgl libgl1-mesa xserver-xorg libglitz-glx1 compiz-gnome
sudo cp /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom-backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom

• 用下面的内容替换原来的所有内容
  

# GDM Configuration Customization file.
#
# This file is the appropriate place for specifying your customizations to the
# GDM configuration.   If you run gdmsetup, it will automatically edit this
# file for you and will cause the daemon and any running GDM GUI programs to
# automatically update with the new configuration.  Not all configuration
# options are supported by gdmsetup, so to modify some values it may be
# necessary to modify this file directly by hand.
# 
# To hand-edit this file, simply add or modify the key=value combination in
# the appropriate section in the template below.  Refer to the comments in the
# gdm.conf file for information about each option.  Also refer to the reference
# documentation.
# 
# If you hand edit a GDM configuration file, you should run the following
# command to get the GDM daemon to notice the change.  Any running GDM GUI
# programs will also be notified to update with the new configuration.
#
# gdmflexiserver --command="UPDATE_CONFIG <configuration key>"
#
# For example, the "Enable" key in the "[debug]" section would be specified by
# "debug/Enable".
#
# You can also run gdm-restart or gdm-safe-restart to cause GDM to restart and
# re-read the new configuration settings.  You can also restart GDM by sending
# a HUP or USR1 signal to the daemon.  HUP behaves like gdm-restart and causes
# any user session started by GDM to exit immediately while USR1 behaves like
# gdm-safe-restart and will wait until all users log out before restarting GDM.
# 
# For full reference documentation see the gnome help browser under
# GNOME|System category.  You can also find the docs in HTML form on
# http://www.gnome.org/projects/gdm/
# 
# NOTE: Lines that begin with "#" are considered comments.
# 
# Have fun!

[daemon]

[security]

[xdmcp]

[gui]

[greeter]

[chooser]

[debug]

[servers]# Override display 1 to use Xgl
0=Xgl 

[server-Xgl] 
name=Xgl server 
command=/usr/bin/Xgl :0 -fullscreen -ac -accel glx:pbuffer -accel xv:fbo 
flexible=true

• 创建一个脚本文件用以启动时运行Xgl/Compiz
  

gksudo gedit /usr/bin/thefuture

• 插入下列内容. 将.us替换成您自己的键盘映射. 如.gb为英国. 在终端中键入ls /usr/share/xmodmap可以查看键盘映射的详细列表. 如果不确定,则不需要修改.us (United States)
  

#!/bin/bash
gnome-window-decorator &  compiz --replace gconf decoration wobbly fade minimize cube rotate zoom scale move resize place switcher &
xmodmap /usr/share/xmodmap/xmodmap.us

• 保存文件
  

sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/thefuture

• 在此会话中运行compiz
  

thefuture

• 让compiz随系统而启动
  
  • System -> Preferences -> Sessions
    
  • Startup Programs -> Add
    
  
  

/usr/bin/thefuture

• • 点击Ok, 然后关闭
    
  • 参考 #怎样重启GNOME（不用重启计算机）
    
  
  

• 疑难解答
  
  • 如果Xgl/Compiz看上去不工作, 或出现错误, 在将"thefuture"加入启动程序后,重启计算机即可.
    
  • 如果移动窗体会拖慢系统的响应速度, 从终端运行gconf-editor.
    找到apps/compiz/general/screen0/options. 将
    detect_refresh_rate设置为disable,并将刷新率(refresh rate)设成60. 现在应该全可以了吧...
    
  • 如果您使用的是非默认键盘(其他语言), 在设置System/Settings/Keyboard时错误连连,那么您可能要将其改为正确的键盘映射.
    
  • 您还可以将所谓的Super-key映射成您键盘上的windows键.
    
  • 如果您不想要底部的扩展工具条(bottom expanded panel), 只需在终端输入"killall gnome-panel".
    
  
  

• 提示
  
  • 切换窗口 = Alt + Tab
    
  • 排列和查看所有窗口 = F12 这是个开/关状态键; 点击一个窗体将此窗体放大并前置.
    
  • 将桌面变成立方体 = Ctrl + Alt + 左/右箭头
    
  • 将桌面变成立方体 - 当前激活之窗口跟随 = Ctrl + Shift + Alt + 左/右箭头
    
  • 手工旋转立方体 = Ctrl + Alt + 鼠标左键
    
  • 变窗口为半透明/不透明(translucent/opaque) = 目前只有"transset"功用
    
  • 放大一次 = Super-key + 鼠标右键
    
  • 手工放大 = Super-key + 鼠标滚轮上滚
    
  • 手工缩小 = Super-key + 鼠标滚轮下滚
    
  • 移动窗口 = Alt + 鼠标左键
    
  • 移动窗口的吸靠 (会粘在边界上) = Ctrl + Alt + 鼠标左键
    
  • 调整窗口大小 = Alt + 鼠标右键
    
  
  

如何安装Xgl/Beryl (ATI)

(From Beryl Forums)

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #How to install Graphics Driver (ATI)
  

First make sure you have 3d acceleration available in a normal gnome session.
There are lots of howtos for this , Google if you need any help with that.
So if glxinfo shows direct rendering: yes , then you are good to go. If not xgl and Beryl wont work!

• 更新您的系统
  

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

• 准备和更新程序库
  

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

• 将 quinstorms' 和 reggaemanus' 程序库添加到 /etc/apt/sources.list
  

deb http://www.beerorkid.com/compiz/ dapper main
deb http://xgl.compiz.info/ dapper main
deb-src http://xgl.compiz.info/ dapper main

• 下载和导入quinnstroms库的gpg密钥
  

 wget http://www.beerorkid.com/compiz/quinn.key.asc -O - | sudo apt-key add -

• 更新源
  

sudo apt-get update

• 安装所需之软件包
  

sudo apt-get install xserver-xgl libgl1-mesa xserver-xorg libglitz-glx1 beryl beryl-core beryl-manager beryl-plugins beryl-plugins-data beryl-settings emerald emerald-themes

• 制作xgl的启动脚本
  

sudo gedit /usr/bin/startxgl.sh

• 添加到脚本
  

Xgl -fullscreen :1 -ac -accel glx:pbuffer -accel xv:pbuffer & sleep 2 && DISPLAY=:1 
# Start GNOME
exec gnome-session

• 将脚本变为可执行
  

sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/startxgl.sh

• 为登录管理器制作一个xgl会话
  

sudo gedit /usr/share/xsessions/xgl.desktop

• 将下列内容加入到该会话
  

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=XGl
Exec=/usr/bin/startxgl.sh
Icon=
Type=Application

• 添加
  

beryl
emerald

到gnome会话启动程序. (到"系统", "设定", "会话", 点选startup programs选项卡)

• 重启
  
• In the login manager you can now choose a session named Xgl
  
• Answer to following question that you want to use Xgl for this
  session only (if something went wrong you are logged in next time using
  standard session)
  
• If everything works fine , you can set it as the default
  session , remember you can always login a normal gnome session if you
  want.
  

• If you own an x series radeon and have problems with lockups, read this post:
  

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=150854

Note for all cards: glxinfo will show that direct rendering is not working , dont worry thats normal when you are running xgl.

如何安装Beryl/AIGLX (Nvidia)

(来源 Ubuntu Forums)

• 参考 #概述
  
• 参考 #How to install Beta Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)
  
• 参考 #如何添加其它的软件库
  

• 确保所有软件包都最新
  

Install your *ubuntu-desktop metapackage specific to your DE, e.g. sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

• 添加软件库
  

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

• 将下述内容添加到文件末尾:
  

deb http://dev.realistanew.com/beryl edgy beryl
deb http://beryl-mirror.lupine.me.uk/beryl edgy beryl

(如果您需要64bit版本的beryl,将下列添加到库列表)

deb http://ubuntu.lupine.me.uk/ edgy main-amd64

• 保存文件
  

sudo apt-get update

• 安装Beryl
  

sudo apt-get install beryl-core beryl-plugins beryl-plugins-data emerald beryl-settings beryl-manager beryl beryl-dev emerald-themes

• 备份xorg.conf
  

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

• 将下列内容添加到xorg.conf的"Screen"节(section)
  

# Enable 32-bit ARGB GLX Visuals
    Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True"

# If you are using an older version of compiz that
# does not support rendering into the Composite
# Overlay Window, you will need to disable clipping
# of GLX rendering to the X Root window with this
# option, or you will get a blank screen after
# starting compiz:
    Option "DisableGLXRootClipping" "True"

• 将下列内容添加到xorg.conf的"Device"节(section)
  

Option          "TripleBuffer" "true"

• 按ctrl+alt+backspace,重启X
  

• 启动Beryl
  

beryl-start

或者

beryl-manager

如何安装其他启动画面

• Read #General Notes
  
• This installs a minimalistic splash screen that appears when
  the computer is booting up and shutting down. It is devoid of any text
  messages.
  

wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/usplash-minimalistic_0.1.deb
sudo dpkg -i usplash-minimalistic_0.1.deb
sudo update-alternatives --config usplash-artwork.so

• Select the minimalistic alternative
  (/usr/local/lib/usplash/minimalastic.so) by entering the corresponding
  number. If you ever want to revert back to the original splash, select
  the default (/usr/lib/usplash/usplash-default.so)
  

• Restart your computer to see the effects
  
• See the official USplash Customization HOWTO for more customization.
  

商业软件

如何安装 Windows 9X/ME/2000/XP (Win4Lin)

• http://www.win4lin.com
  

如何安装 Windows 应用程序 (CrossOver Office)

• http://www.codeweavers.com
  

如何安装 Windows Games (Cedega)

• http://www.transgaming.com
  

用户管理

如何设定/改变/启用 root 使用者的密码

• 请参阅 #概述
  

sudo passwd root

如何禁用 root 使用者这个帐号

• 请参阅 #概述
  

sudo passwd -l root

如何允许以 root 身份登入进 GNOME

• 请参阅 #概述
  
• 请参阅 #如何设定/改变/启用 root 使用者的密码
  
• 系统 -> 系统管理 ->登录窗口
  
• 登录窗口
  

安全标签页 -> 安全 -> 允许本地系统管理员登录 (勾选)

如何在终端模式里切换到 root 身份

• 请参阅 #概述
  

sudo -s -H
Password: <specify user password>

如何新增/编辑/移除系统使用者帐号

• 请参阅 #概述
  
• 系统 -> 系统管理 -> 用户和组
  
• 用户和组
  

用户标签页面 -> 添加用户.../属性/删除

或者

sudo useradd jim
sudo userdel jim

• 更多信息请参阅
  

man usermod

如何新增/编辑/移除系统群组

• 请参阅 #概述
  
• 系统 -> 系统管理 -> 用户和组
  
• 用户和组
  

组标签页面 -> 添加组.../属性/删除

如何自动登入GNOME (不安全)

• 请参阅 #概述
  
• 系统 -> 系统管理 -> 登录窗口
  
• 登录窗口首选项
  

安全标签页 -> 自动登录 ->
启用自动登录 (勾选)
用户: 选择 "系统用户名"

如何允许更多的 sudo 用户

• 请参阅 #概述
  

export EDITOR=gedit && sudo visudo

• 在文件末尾添加如下一行内容
  

system_username	ALL=(ALL) ALL

• 保存编辑好的文件
  

如何使用 "sudo" 时不需要任何密码提示 (不安全)

• 请参阅 #概述
  

export EDITOR=gedit && sudo visudo

• 找到这一行
  

...
system_username	ALL=(ALL) ALL
...

• 用下面这一行取代
  

system_username	ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

• 保存编辑好的文件
  

如何下指令结束目前 "sudo" 会话

• 请参阅 #概述
  

sudo -K

如何更改文件/目录的权限

• 请参阅 #概述
  

鼠标右键点击文件/目录 -> 属性

权限标签页 -> 读取/写入/执行 (Checked the permissions for Owner/Group/Others)

如何更改文件/目录的所有者

• 请参阅 #概述
  

sudo chown system_username /location_of_files_or_folders

如何更改文件/目录的所有者

• 请参阅 #概述
  

sudo chgrp system_groupname /location_of_files_or_folders

Hardware

Activate side-mouse-buttons in FireFox

Just add two lines to xorg.conf will activate side-mouse-buttons in
FireFox. This should work with most 5-button mouse. Here is a list of
mice that worked with this instruction.

• Logitech MX510
  
• Logitech MX518
  
• Logitech MX700
  
• Intellimouse Explorer (first edition)
  

Backup Gnome configuration file

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak

Modify the Gnome configuration file

gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Find the Input Device section for your mouse and add two lines as
shown below. You may also increase the number of buttons if your mouse
has more than 7, just fix the rest of the section based upon the number
of buttons (remember back/forward, wheel click & tilt left/right
all count as buttons)

Change:

Section "InputDevice"
	Identifier "Configured Mouse"
	Driver "mouse"
	Option "CorePointer"
	...
	Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
	...
	Option "Emulate3Buttons"       "true"
EndSection

to:

Section "InputDevice"
	Identifier "Configured Mouse"
	Driver "mouse"
	Option "CorePointer"
	...
	Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
	...
	Option "Emulate3Buttons"       "true"
	Option "Buttons" "7"
 	Option "ButtonMapping" "1 2 3 6 7"
EndSection

At this point you can reboot your computer or reboot Gnome
(Ctrl-Alt-BackSpace) to see if your forward/back buttons work in
FireFox. They still won't work in Nautilus yet until you install the
imwheel dameon.

Install & Configure IMWheel

• Install IMWheel
  

sudo apt-get install imwheel

• Modify IMWheel configuration file
  

gksudo gedit /etc/X11/imwheel/imwheelrc

• Insert the following at the bottom of this existing file
  

".*"
None, Up, Alt_L|Left
None, Down, Alt_L|Right 

"(null)"
None, Up, Alt_L|Left
None, Down, Alt_L|Right

• Create IMWheel start-up script
  

sudo mkdir /home/login
gksudo gedit /home/login/mouse

• Insert the following into this new file
  

#!/bin/sh
exec xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 2 3 6 7 4 5" &
exec imwheel -k -b "67" &
exec $REALSTARTUP

• Grant execution for everyone to this new script
  

sudo chmod +x /home/login/mouse

• Configure this script to be executed at start-up
  
  1. Select 'System' > 'Preferences' > 'Sessions'
     
  2. Click the StartUp tab
     
  3. Click Add, then input: /home/login/mouse
     
  4. Click OK, then Close
     
  
  

• Reboot your computer or your Gnome environment and then test your back/forward mouse buttons in Nautilus
  

How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx nvidia-kernel-common
sudo nvidia-glx-config enable

• Should the above not enable the new driver, you can enable it manually by opening the X config file:
  

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

• and replacing "nv" with "nvidia"
  

• Read #How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer
  

• Enable XvMC by creating the nVidia XvMC configuration file
  

sudo gedit /etc/X11/XvMCConfig

• Insert the following line into the new configuration file, to tell the players the name of the nVidia XvMC shared library:
  

libXvMCNVIDIA_dynamic.so.1

• To use XvMC to accelerate video playback, use the following flags. See [[4]] for more details.
  

xine -V xxmc filename.ts
mplayer -vo xvmc -vc ffmpeg12mc filename.ts

How to install Beta Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)

This section is borrowed from http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=263851

• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

• Add the following line at the end
  

deb http://amaranth.selfip.com edgy lrm

• Save the edited file
  

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx libxorg-sched-yield-hack0
sudo apt-get upgrade

• The upgrade should update your linux-restricted-modules & linux-restricted-modules-common packages.
  

sudo nvidia-xconfig

• Restart the computer and your new drivers should be installed.
  

How to setup pivot (screen rotation) with default X.org NVIDIA drivers

• Read #General Notes
  

• Some LCD monitors are equipped with the pivot feature, to take
  advantage of it the display has to be rotated 90 degrees. The default
  nVidia drivers shipped with X.org ("nv") support software screen
  rotation. Note that it's unaccelerated and can be slow, read #How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA) if you decide to install the proprietary driver.
  

• If you have the proprietary drivers from nVidia installed, please read #How to setup pivot (screen rotation) with proprietary NVIDIA drivers instead.
  

• To rotate the screen find the "Device" section for the "nv" driver in the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file:
  

Section "Device"                                                                
       Identifier      "NVIDIA Corporation NV34 [GeForce FX 5200]"
       Driver          "nv"

• Add the following options to this section:
  

       Option "Rotate" "CW"

Where the "Rotate" option has two possible values (depending on the orientation of the monitor):

1. CW - rotate the display clockwise (right).
   
2. CCW - rotate the display counterclockwise (right).
   

• Read #How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer.
  

How to setup pivot (screen rotation) with proprietary NVIDIA drivers

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)
  

• Some LCD monitors are equipped with the pivot feature, to take
  advantage of it the display has to be rotated 90 degrees. The
  proprietary nVidia drivers support hardware rotation with the Xrandr
  extension.
  

• To enable rotation support find the "Device" section for the "nvidia" driver in the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file:
  

Section "Device"                                                                
       Identifier      "NVIDIA Corporation NV34 [GeForce FX 5200]"
       Driver          "nvidia"

• Add the following option to this section:
  

       Option          "RandRRotation" "on"

• Read #How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer.
  

• Then the display can be rotated (direction depends on the orientation of the monitor) by:
  

1. Setting the "Rotation" property to either "Left" or "Right" in the "System > Preferences > Screen Resolution" dialog.
   
2. Issuing either "xrandr -o left" or "xrandr -o right" command.
   

How to disable NVIDIA graphics logo on GNOME startup

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)
  

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

• Find this section
  

 ...
Section "Device"
	Identifier	"NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]"
	Driver		"nvidia"
	BusID		"PCI:1:0:0"
...

• Add the following line below it
  

   Option		"NoLogo"

• Save the edited file
  
• Read #How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer
  

How to install Graphics Driver (ATI)

• See Unofficial ATI Linux driver wiki
  
• Or Ubuntuforums.org
  
• Or PenLUG.org
  

How to install Graphics Driver (Intel)

Note: This driver is for Intel® 82830M, 82845G, 82852GM, 82855GM, 82865G, and 82915G/GM graphics controller-based products only.

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #How to install .rpm to .deb Converter (Alien)
  

wget -c http://downloadmirror.intel.com/df-support/8211/eng/dri-I915-v1.1-20041217.i386.rpm
sudo alien dri-I915-v1.1-20041217.i386.rpm
sudo dpkg -i dri-i915_v1.1-20041218_i386.deb

How to Correct the Graphics Resolution (Intel)

• Read #How to enable Large Widescreen Support if you have a larger (>20") monitor
  

• Intel 915g, 945g, etc. graphics chipsets only have a limited
  set of resolutions initially installed, despite the correct driver
  being detected.
  
• Install the resolution altering tool:
  

sudo apt-get install 915resolution

• Run the following to see the availible modes:
  

915resolution -l

• Choose a resolution you don't need and replace, for example the following changes 1920x1440 to 1920x1200
  

915resolution 5c 1920 1200

• This should add the option for that resolution to the "System>Preferences>Screen Resolution" tool.
  
• If it works correctly then you can make the change permanent:
  

sudo gedit /etc/rc.local

• Simply add the command you typed in above before:
  

exit 0

How to detect CPU temperature, fan speeds and voltages (lm-sensors)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

sudo apt-get install lm-sensors

Create file called mkdev.sh, and paste in the following

#!/bin/bash

# Here you can set several defaults.

# The number of devices to create (max: 256)
NUMBER=32

# The owner and group of the devices
OUSER=root
OGROUP=root
# The mode of the devices
MODE=600

# This script doesn't need to be run if devfs is used
if [ -r /proc/mounts ] ; then
if grep -q "/dev devfs" /proc/mounts ; then
echo "You do not need to run this script as your system uses devfs."
exit;
fi
fi

i=0;

while [ $i -lt $NUMBER ] ; do
echo /dev/i2c-$i
mknod -m $MODE /dev/i2c-$i c 89 $i || exit
chown "$OUSER:$OGROUP" /dev/i2c-$i || exit
i=$[$i + 1]
done
#end of file

Make this file executable, then run it

sudo chmod +x mkdev.sh
./mkdev.sh

Now detect sensors, and answer "y" to all questions.

sudo sensors-detect

Load the modules into kernel

sensors -s

Now, let's see the output

sensors

How to control fan speed (lm-sensors)

Install and config lm-sensors first, see section above. Then run pwmconfig to test your fans

pwmconfig

If you can control fan speeds, great. Now creat a file called /etc/init.d/fancontrol, and paste in the following

#!/bin/sh
#
# Fancontrol start script.
#

set -e

# Defaults
DAEMON=/usr/sbin/fancontrol
PIDFILE=/var/run/fancontrol-pid
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

test -f $DAEMON || exit 0

. /lib/lsb/init-functions


case "$1" in
       start)
               log_begin_msg "Starting fancontrol daemon..."
               start-stop-daemon --start -o -q -m -b -p $PIDFILE -x $DAEMON
               log_end_msg $?
               ;;
       stop)
               log_begin_msg "Stopping fancontrol daemon..."
               start-stop-daemon --stop -o -q -p $PIDFILE
               log_end_msg $?
               ;;
       force-reload|restart)
               sh $0 stop
               sh $0 start
               ;;
       *)
               log_success_msg "Usage: /etc/init.d/fancontrol {start|stop|restart|force-reload}"
               log_success_msg "  start - starts system-wide fancontrol service"
               log_success_msg "  stop  - stops system-wide fancontrol service"
               log_success_msg "  restart, force-reload - starts a new system-wide fancontrol service"
               exit 1
               ;;
esac

exit 0

Make it excutable

sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/fancontrol

Test it

/etc/init.d/fancontrol start

and

/etc/init.d/fancontrol stop

If it works fine, autoload it when you reboot. Insert the following line into /etc/rc.local, before "exit 0"

/etc/init.d/fancontrol start

How to show nvidia GPU temperature (nvidia-settings)

• Read #How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)
  

At a terminal, type

nvidia-settings

How to monitor CPU, GPU temperatures, fan speeds and voltages (GKrellM)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

• Install lm-sensors first to monitor CPU temps, fan speed, and voltages in GKrellM. #How to detect CPU temperature, fan speeds and voltages (lm-sensors)
  

• Install nvidia video driver to monitor the nvidia GPU temperature. #How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)
  

• Install hddtemp first to monitor hard drive temperatures
  

sudo apt-get install hddtemp

GKrellM is a hardware monitor that can display CPU and GPU
temperatures, fan speeds, voltages, CPU load, network load, disk
activity, disk temperature, memory usage, and swap usage. The
installation is very easy, and configuration is just a few
mouse-clicks. You can set alerts to warn you if the CPU is too hot or
there is a fan failure. The hddtemp utility works with GKrellM to allow
it to sense the disk temperature, as keeping your disks cool (e.g. less
than around 40C) will allow them to last longer than if they run
continually at higher temperatures (e.g. above 50C).

sudo apt-get install gkrellm

To run the program

Click Applications -> System Tools -> GKrellM

To configure the settings,

Right click on GKrellM -> Configuration

I was struggling with lm_sensors before, but it doesn't detect all
of the sensors on my computer. Later I found "GKrellM". It displays the
GPU temperature on my nVidia 6600 GT out of the box. GKrellM also has
plugins that show weather info, set reminders, etc.

Add an audio alert (optional Step): Here is how to play
an audio message when the CPU is too hot or a fan fails. First you need
to find or record your own audio alert files. (I use Audacity to record
my own.) Then go to:

Configuration -> Builtins folder (Left side)-> Sensors -> Temperatures folder (Right side)-> CPU -> Alerts Button

Paste ONE of the following lines into a Terminal window first to
test the sound. If you have two sound cards, you can use "-ao
oss:/dev/dsp1" option to route the sound to the second sound card.
Modify the file path and name so it points to the correct file. If you
can hear the sound, then copy that line to a command line text field on
the GKrellM's Alerts window.

mplayer /home/myfolder/alert_messages/heat_alert.mp3
mplayer -ao oss:/dev/dsp1 /home/myfolder/alert_messages/heat_alert.mp3

How to identify Modem chipset

• Read #General Notes
  
• To install Modem chipset identifier
  
• Read #How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential)
  

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/scanModem.gz
gunzip -c scanModem.gz > scanModem
chmod +x scanModem
sudo cp scanModem /usr/bin/

• To identify Modem chipset
  

sudo scanModem
gedit Modem/ModemData.txt

How to install Windows Wireless Drivers (Ndiswrapper)

• Read #General Notes
  
• In order to install ndiswrapper you need a copy the windows drivers for your Wireless ethernet device.
  
• This is only meant to be installed if your card isn't supported by Ubuntu, check Ubuntu's list of natively supported wireless cards.
  
• Check ndiswrapper's list of supported wireless cards if your card isn't supported natively, please visit Ndiswrapper's official supported cards list
  

• Find out if you have acx module loaded. Because acx module interferes with windows driver, we need to remove it if it is found.
  

lsmod | grep acx

• Remove the acx module if found. It could also be acx_pci or
  similar. Please Note: New kernel updates will auto load the acx module
  again. So repeat the following two commands every time the kernel is
  updated.
  

sudo rmmod acx
sudo mv /lib/modules/2.6.15-26-386/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/acx /root/

• Install ndiswrapper and drivers
  

sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils
sudo ndiswrapper -i /location_of_your_wireless_driver/your_driver.inf
sudo ndiswrapper -l
sudo modprobe ndiswrapper

• Set ndiswrapper to load on startup
  

sudo ndiswrapper -m
gksudo gedit /etc/modules

• Add the following module to the list
  

ndiswrapper

• Now you can configure your wireless card with ifconfig and iwconfig.
  

e.g. Supposing wlan0 is your wireless device.

sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid "AP" key ababababababababab mode Managed
iwconfig

• You sould now be able to see the MAC address of the access point and signal rate.
  

How to enable WPA with Ndiswrapper driver

• First, make sure the Ndiswrapper driver works by itself without encryption.
  

• Create a file called /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf, and paste in the following. Modify the ssid and psk values.
  

ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
 network={
   ssid="YourWiFiSSID"
   psk="YourWiFiPassword"
   key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
   proto=WPA
   pairwise=TKIP
 }

• Test it. Make sure your router is broadcasting its SSID.
  

sudo wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -dd

• If you WPA works. Load it automatically when you reboot.
  

gksudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

• Change your wlan0 section to the following.
  

If you are using static IP:

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
address 192.168.1.20
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
pre-up wpa_supplicant -Bw -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
post-down killall -q wpa_supplicant

or this, if you are using dhcp.

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
pre-up wpa_supplicant -Bw -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
post-down killall -q wpa_supplicant

• Reboot
  

How to install Modem Driver (SmartLink)

• Read #General Notes
  
• Read #如何添加其它的软件库
  

uname -r (must be 2.6.10-5-386)
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/sl-modem-modules-2.6.10-5-386_2.9.9a-1ubuntu2+2.6.10-34_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i sl-modem-modules-*.deb
sudo apt-get install sl-modem-daemon

How to configure PalmOS Devices

• Read #General Notes
  

gksudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/10-custom.rules

• Insert the following line into the new file
  

BUS="usb", SYSFS{product}="Palm Handheld*", KERNEL="ttyUSB*", NAME{ignore_remove}="pilot", MODE="666"

• Save the edited file
  
• Add the pilot-applet to the Taskbar by Right-Clicking on an empty spot
  
• Follow the instructions on screen
  

怎样显示分区表

• 阅读 #概述
  

sudo fdisk -l

• 你也可以使用菜单来打开 System（系统） -> Administration（管理） -> Disks（磁盘）
  

怎样显示文件系统磁盘空间使用情况

• 阅读 #概述
  

df -Th

• 你也可以使用菜单 System（系统） -> Administration（管理） -> Disks（磁盘）
  

怎样列出已经映像(mount)的设备

• 阅读 #概述
  

mount

怎样列出PCI设备

• 阅读 #概述
  

lspci

怎样列出USB设备

• 阅读 #概述
  

lsusb

How to speed up CD/DVD-ROM

• Read #General Notes
  

e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM

sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom
sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf

• Append the following lines at the end of file
  

/dev/cdrom {
    dma = on
}

• Save the edited file
  

How to mount/unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually, and show all hidden and associated files/folders

• Read #General Notes
  

e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM

• To mount CD/DVD-ROM
  

sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide

• To unmount CD/DVD-ROM
  

sudo umount /media/cdrom0/

How to forcefully unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually

• Read #General Notes
  

e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM

sudo umount /media/cdrom0/ -l

怎样重新映像(mount) /etc/fstab 中的设备而无须重启

• 阅读 #概述
  

sudo mount -a

How to install a Wacom tablet

For a detailed guide with screenshots about how to configure the
"Extended input devices" in your graphic applications, please follow
the official Dapper guide at https://wiki.ubuntu.com//Wacom

With the version of the Linux Wacom driver (0.7.2) in Ubuntu
6.06 Dapper Drake, if you unplug you tablet, it won't function when you
plug it back in and you will have to restart X. For this reason, it is
best to leave the tablet plugged in. This limitation will be removed
when the 0.7.4 version of the driver is included in Ubuntu.

• Read #General Notes
  

• 1. Using Synaptic package manager, check if the packages
  xserver-xorg-input-wacom and wacom-tools are already installed - if
  not, install them. If you prefer using the command line, you can also
  execute :
  

     sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-wacom wacom-tools

• 2. Save a copy of your /etc/X11/xorg.conf :
  

      sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup

• then edit it with the command line :
  

      gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

• and change all /dev/wacom occurences into /dev/input/wacom (created by wacom-tools udev scripts), then save the file.
  

• You should be ready to go after you have restarted X. Remember
  to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications
  (Gimp, Inkscape), however you can already check if it's working by
  moving your stylus on the tablet : the mouse cursor should go through
  the whole screen.
  

How to enable Multicore Support

• This should work for both Multicore systems and SMP systems
  

sudo apt-get install linux-686-smp

• You can check that this works by running the following and seeing two CPUs listed
  

cat /proc/cpuinfo

How to enable Large Widescreen Support

• 24/23" widescreen monitors sometimes have issues running 1920x1200.
  
• Examples include: Dell 2405, HP 2335 or an Apple Cinema Display.
  

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

• Add the following line to the appropriate "Monitor" section
  

Modeline	"1920x1200" 154 1920 1968 2000 2080 1200 1203 1209 1235

• For example the HP2335 should now look like:
  

Section "Monitor"
	Identifier	"hp L2335"
	Option		"DPMS"
	Modeline	"1920x1200" 154 1920 1968 2000 2080 1200 1203 1209 1235
EndSection

How to setup the surround speakers (5.1 and others) with ALSA

• Read #General Notes
  

• Edit the ~/.asoundrc file, create it if it doesn't exist:
  

gedit ~/.asoundrc

• Enter the following section:
  

pcm.!default {
    type plug
    slave.pcm "surround51"
    slave.channels 6
    route_policy duplicate
}

• This will allow to play the surround output and duplicate the stereo output to all 6 channels (not only front ones).
  

CD/DVD刻录

如何格式化 CD-RW/DVD-RW 碟片

• 请参阅 #概述
  

例如 假设 /dev/cdrom/ 是 CD/DVD-ROM 所在的位置

sudo umount /dev/cdrom
cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom blank=fast

如何刻录文件/目录到 CD/DVD

• 请参阅 #概述
  

nautilus burn:///

• 文件浏览器: CD/DVD Creator
  

• 将 文件/目录 拖到窗口
  

文件 -> 写入碟片... -> 写入

如何刻录镜像 (ISO) 文件到 CD/DVD

• 请参阅 #概述
  

在镜像 (ISO) 按鼠标右键 -> 写入碟片... -> 写入

如何复制 CD/DVD

• 请参阅 #概述
  
• 请参阅 #如何从 CD/DVD 建立镜像 (ISO) 文件
  
• 请参阅 #如何刻录镜像 (ISO) 文件到 CD/DVD
  

如何从 CD/DVD 建立镜像 (ISO) 文件

• 请参阅 #概述
  

例如 假设 /dev/cdrom/ 是 CD/DVD-ROM 所在的位置

sudo umount /dev/cdrom
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=file.iso bs=1024

如何从目录建立镜像 (ISO) 文件

• 请参阅 #概述
  

mkisofs -o file.iso /location_of_folder/

如何生成 MD5 校验和文件

• 请参阅 #概述
  

md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5

如何验证文件的 MD5 校验和

• 请参阅 #概述
  

例如 假设 file.iso 和 file.iso.md5 是在相同目录下

md5sum -c file.iso.md5

如何不刻录就挂载/卸载镜像 (ISO) 文件

• 请参阅 #概述
  
• 要挂载镜像文件 (ISO) 时
  

sudo mkdir /media/iso
sudo modprobe loop
sudo mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop

• 要卸载镜像文件 (ISO) 时
  

sudo umount /media/iso/

如何设置/修改 CD/DVD 刻录机的刻录速度

• 请参阅 #概述
  
• 应用程序 -> 系统工具 -> 配置编辑器
  
• 配置编辑器
  

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> default_speed (set/change the burn speed)

如何启用 CD/DVD 刻录机的 burnproof

• 请参阅 #概述
  
• 应用程序 -> 系统工具 -> 配置编辑器
  
• 配置编辑器
  

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> burnproof (勾选)

如何启用 CD/DVD 刻录机的 overburn

• 请参阅 #概述
  
• 应用程序 -> 系统工具 -> 配置编辑器
  
• 配置编辑器
  

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> overburn (勾选)

网络

如何设置Google Talk

• 请查阅Google Talk Help Center
  

如何激活/禁用网络连接

• 请参阅 #概述
  
• 系统 -> 系统管理 -> 联网
  
• 网络设置
  

连接标签页 -> 选择 "以太网连接" -> 激活/禁用

如何配置网络连接

• 请参阅 #概述
  
• 系统 -> 系统管理 -> 联网
  
• 网络设置
  

连接标签页 -> 选择 "以太网连接" -> 属性
连接 -> 启用这个连接 (勾选)
连接设置 -> 设置: 选择 "DHCP/静态 IP 地址"

DNS 标签页 -> DNS 服务 -> 添加/删除

• 请参阅 #如何激活/禁用网络连接
  

如何配置拨号连接

• 请参阅 #概述
  
• 要设置拨号连接
  

sudo pppconfig

• 要开启拨号连接
  

sudo pon provider_name

• 要断开拨号连接
  

sudo poff

如何配置宽带连接

• 请参阅 #概述
  

sudo pppoeconf

如何改计算机名

• 请参阅 #概述
  
• 系统 -> 系统管理 -> 联网
  
• 网络设置
  

General Tab -> Host Settings -> Hostname: Specify the computer name 

• 保存并结束所有执行中的程序, 重启电脑
  

如何改计算机描述

• 请参阅 #概述
  
• 请参阅 #如何安装 Samba 服务器来提供 文件/文件夹 共享服务
  

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

• 找到这一行
  

...
  server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
...

• 用下面这一行取代
  

  server string = new_computer_descriptions

• 保存编辑好的文件
  

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

如何更改计算机的网域名称(Domain)/群组名称(Workgroup)

• 请参阅 #概述
  
• 请参阅 #如何安装 Samba 服务器来提供 文件/文件夹 共享服务
  

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

• 找到这一行
  

...
  workgroup = MSHOME
...

• 用下面这一行取代
  

  workgroup = new_domain_or_workgroup

• 保存编辑好的文件