原创 Linux系统各个目录的作用(中英文对照)

2010-3-31 17:39 1804 4 4 分类: MCU/ 嵌入式

Linux系统各个目录的作用(中英文对照)




linux下的主要目录以及它们都是用来干什么的。


  /


  This is the root directory. The mothership. The home field. The
one and only top directory for your whole computer. Everything, and I
mean EVERYTHING starts here. When you type ‘/home’ what you’re really
saying is “start at / and then go to the home directory.”


  /


  这就是根目录。对你的电脑来说,有且只有一个根目录。所有的东西,我是说所有的东西都是从这里开始。举个例子:当你在终端里输入“/home”,你其实是在告诉电脑,先从/(根目录)开始,再进入到home目录。


  /root


  This is where the root user lives. The root user is the god of
your system. Root can do anything, up to and including removing your
entire filesystem. So be careful using root.


  /root


  这是系统管理员(root user)的目录。对于系统来说,系统管理员就好比是上帝,它能对系统做任何事情,甚至包括删除你的文件。因此,请小心使用root帐号。


  /bin


  Here’s where your standard linux utilities(read programs) live —
things like “ls” and “vi” and “more”. Generally this directory is
included in your path. What this means is that if you type ‘ls’, /bin
is one of the places your shell will look to see if ‘ls’ means anything.


  /bin


  这里存放了标准的(或者说是缺省的)linux的工具,比如像“ls”、“vi”还有“more”等等。通常来说,这个目录已经包含在你的“path”系统变量里面了。什么意思呢?就是:当你在终端里输入ls,系统就会去/bin目录下面查找是不是有ls这个程序。


  /etc


  Here’s where the administrative and system configuration stuff lives. For instance, if you have samba installed, and you want to modify the samba configuration files, you’d find them in /etc/samba.


  /etc


  这里主要存放了系统配置方面的文件。举个例子:你安装了samba这个套件,当你想要修改samba配置文件的时候,你会发现它们(配置文件)就在/etc/samba目录下。


  /dev


  Here’s where files that control peripherals live. Talking to a
printer? Your computer is doing it from here. Same goes for disk
drives, usb devices, and other such stuff.


  /dev


  这里主要存放与设备(包括外设)有关的文件(unixlinux系统均把设备当成文件)。想连线打印机吗?系统就是从这个目录开始工作的。另外还有一些包括磁盘驱动、USB驱动等都放在这个目录。


  /home


  Here’s where your data is stored. Config files specific to users,
your Desktop folder(whick makes your desktop what it is), and any data
related to your user. Each user will have their own /home/username
folder, with the exception of the root user.


  /home


  这里主要存放你的个人数据。具体每个用户的设置文件,用户的桌面文件夹,还有用户的数据都放在这里。每个用户都有自己的用户目录,位置为:/home/用户名。当然,root用户除外。


  /tmp


  This is the Temporary folder. Think of it as a scratch directory
for your Linux system. Files that won’t be needed by programs once
their used once or twice are put here. Many Linux systems are set to
automatically wipe the /tmp folder at certain intervals, so don’t put
things you want to keep here.


  /tmp


  这是临时目录。对于某些程序来说,有些文件被用了一次两次之后,就不会再被用到,像这样的文件就放在这里。有些linux系统会定期自动对这个目录进行清理,因此,千万不要把重要的数据放在这里。


  /usr


  Here’s where you’ll find extra utilities that don’t fit under /bin
or /etc. Things like games, printer utilities, and whatnot. /usr is
divided into sections like /usr/bin for programs, /usr/share for shared
data like sound files or icons, /usr/lib for libraries whick cannot be
directly run but are essential for running other programs.Your package
manager takes care of the things in /usr for you.


  /usr


  在这个目录下,你可以找到那些不适合放在/bin或/etc目录下的额外的工具。比如像游戏阿,一些打印工具拉等等。/usr目录包含了许多子
目录:/usr/bin目录用于存放程序;/usr/share用于存放一些共享的数据,比如音乐文件或者图标等等;/usr/lib目录用于存放那些不
能直接运行的,但却是许多程序运行所必需的一些函数库文件。你的软件包管理器(应该是“新立得”吧)会自动帮你管理好/usr目录的。


  /opt


  Here’s where optional stuff is put. Trying out the latest Firefox
beta? Install it to /opt where you can delete it without affecting
other settings. Programs in here usually live inside a single folder
whick contains all of their data, libraries, etc.


  /opt


  这里主要存放那些可选的程序。你想尝试最新的firefox测试版吗?那就装到/opt目录下吧,这样,当你尝试完,想删掉firefox的时
候,你就可以直接删除它,而不影响系统其他任何设置。安装到/opt目录下的程序,它所有的数据、库文件等等都是放在同个目录下面。


  举个例子:刚才装的测试版firefox,就可以装到/opt/firefox_beta目录下,/opt/firefox_beta目录下面
就包含了运行firefox所需要的所有文件、库、数据等等。要删除firefox的时候,你只需删除/opt/firefox_beta目录即可,非常
简单。


  /usr/local


  This is where most manually installed(ie. outside of your package
manager) software goes. It has the same structure as /usr. It is a good
idea to leave /usr to your package manager and put any custom scripts
and things into /usr/local, since nothing important normally lives in
/usr/local.


  /usr/local


  这里主要存放那些手动安装的软件,即不是通过“新立得”或apt-get安装的软件。它和/usr目录具有相类似的目录结构。让软件包管理器来管理/usr目录,而把自定义的脚本(scripts)放到/usr/local目录下面,我想这应该是个不错的主意。


  /media


  Some distros use this folder to mount things like usb disks, cd or dvd drives and other filesystems.


  /media


  有些linux的发行版使用这个目录来挂载那些usb接口的移动硬盘(包括U盘)、CD/DVD驱动器等等。

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