目 录 1 概述.....................................................................................................................................6 1.1 天线分类 .............................................................................................................................6 1.2 天线主要技术性能...............................................................................................................6 1.2.1 工作频段........................................................................................................................6 1.2.2 天线增益........................................................................................................................6 1.2.3 天线方向图....................................................................................................................7 1.2.4 波束宽度与增益之间的关系 ..........................................................................................8 1.2.5 极化方式........................................................................................................................9 1.2.6 下倾 (downtilt) ............................................................................................................10 1.2.7 电压驻波比 (VSWR)...................................................................................................10 1.2.8 端口隔离度..................................................................................................................11 1.2.9 功率容量......................................................................................................................11 1.2.10 天线输入接口.....................................................................................................11 1.2.11 无源互调（PIM） ..............................................................................................11 1.2.12 天线尺寸和重量.................................................................................................11 1.2.13 风载荷................................................................................................................11 1.2.14 工作温度和湿度.................................................................................................12 1.2.15 雷电防护............................................................................................................12 1.2.16 三防能力............................................................................................................12 2 天线选型原则....................................................................................................................13 2.1 天线工作频段的选择原则..................................................................................................13 2.2 天线增益的选择原则.........................................................................................................13 2.3 天线波束宽度选择原则......................................................................................................13 2.4 极化方式的选择原则.........................................................................................................14 2.5 下倾方式选择原则.............................................................................................................14 2.5.1 机械下倾与电下倾的比较............................................................................................14 2.5.2 预置电下倾与零点填充的作用比较 .............................................................................16 2.5.3 倾角的规划和优化.......................................................................................................16 2.6 前后比的选择原则.............................................................................................................17 2.7 天线尺寸的选择原则.........................................................................................................17 2.8 天线阻抗的选择原则.........................................................................................................17 2.9 特殊场合的天线选择原则..................................................................................................17 3 各类应用场景下的基站天线选型.......................................................................................19 3.1 城区基站天线选型.............................................................................................................19 3.2 郊区基站天线选型.............................................................................................................20 3.3 农村基站天线选型.............................................................................................................20 3.4 公路覆盖基站天线选型......................................................................................................21 3.5 山区覆盖基站天线选型......................................................................................................22 3.6 近海覆盖基站天线选型......................................................................................................22 3.7 隧道覆盖基站天线选型......................................................................................................23 3.8 室内覆盖基站天线选型......................................................................................................24