Antenna and Antenna arrays1 Antennas and Antenna Arrays 1.1 Introduction Antennas have become ubiquitous devices and occupy a salient position in wireless systems. Radio and TV as well as satellite and new generation mobile communications have experienced the largest growth among industry systems. The global wireless market continues to grow at breakneck speed and the strongest economic and social impact nowadays comes from cellular telephony, personal communications and satellite navigation systems. All of the above systems have served as motivation for engineers to incorporate elegant antennas into handy and portable systems. Many textbooks provide in-depth resources on antennas. Especially on antenna arrays, there are digests, studies and books containing extensive data and techniques. In the references given he……