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PCB图形绘制实现

KA_IX

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发表于 2023-7-24 15:04:36

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一. 解析PCB图形绘制实现

解析PCB图形，说简单也非常简单，先说一下,PCB Gerber图形由：点，线，弧，铜皮，文字 5类元素组成，通常简写为:P,L,A,S,T五类，这几类元素的难易程度，刚好是按这个顺序排列的(个人实际应用这么认为的)。即然是5类就得建立5种元素的数据结构存储它吧。

PAD结构

/// PAD 数据类型
public struct gP
{
public gPoint p;
public bool negative;//polarity-- positive negative
public int angle;
public bool mirror;
public string symbols;
public string attribut;
public double width;
}

线结构

/// Line 数据类型
public struct gL
{
public gPoint ps;
public gPoint pe;
public bool negative;//polarity-- positive negative
public string symbols;
public string attribut;
public double width;
}

弧结构

/// ARC 数据类型
public struct gA
{
public gPoint ps;
public gPoint pe;
public gPoint pc;
public bool negative;//polarity-- positive negative
public bool ccw; //direction-- cw ccw
public string symbols;
public string attribut;
public double width;
}

铜皮结构

/// Surface 坐标泛型集类1
public struct gSur_Point
{
public gPoint p;
/// 0为折点 1为顺时针 2为逆时针
public byte type_point;
}
/// Surface 坐标泛型集类2
public class gSur_list
{
public List<gSur_Point> sur_list = new List<gSur_Point>();
/// 是否为空洞
/// </summary>
public bool is_hole { get; set; }
/// 是否逆时针
public bool is_ccw { get; set; }
}
/// Surface 坐标泛型集类3
public class gS
{
public List<gSur_list> sur_group = new List<gSur_list>();
/// 是否为负 polarity-- P N
public bool negative { get; set; }
public string attribut { get; set; }
}

文字结构

看这个结构比Surface铜皮结构还简单呀，为什么文字结构更复杂了，这里只是实现最普通的字体结构，实际复杂程度远大于Surface,需要解析到所用到的字体库中的的坐标，而且字体存在各式各样的，有二维码，点阵字，有条码，要想保证和Genesis所显示一致，这里需要下点功夫。

/// Text 文本数据类型简易型更复杂的需要扩展
public struct gT
{
public gPoint ps;
public string font;
public bool negative;//polarity-- positive negative
public int angle;
public bool mirror;
public double x_size;
public double y_size;
public double width;
public string Text;
public string attribut;
}

那么为什么symbols不算一类呢，因为symbols也是由这5类基础元素组合而成的，绘制时检索symbols中所含元素集合，再将Symbols集合遍历一个一个的元素绘制到画板上来的。

Gerber数据存储到这个结构中后.那用Graphics类，遍历元素集合，依次绘制元素就好了;下面说一下遇到的问题解决方法。

二.绘制Gerber图形遇到的几个问题解决方法

1.同一层图形的元素是存在先后顺序的，不能按元素类别分类集合，如List<P>,List<L>,这样是错误的

若元素要按先后顺序保存，那么这里可以选择用ArrayList集合存储数据

2.绘制圆形焊盘时，对于Genesis而言它是一个点坐标，在net中是没有直接绘制点方法.

那么对应net中是用FillEllipse方法绘制就可以了

3.绘制焊盘有很多种symbols，包含标准symbols和非标准symbols(自定义的），如何判断一个symbols是标准symbols还是非标准symbols呢

在解析ODB++或Gerber前，提前将自定义symbols名存储为自定义symbols字典集合中，绘制时优先检测symbols名是否存在自定义字典集合中，如果存在，则解析自定义symbosl绘制，如果不存在，则通过标准symbosl名命名规则匹配，不考虑校率用正则也可以的，如:r200,rect200x300,oval200x300,donut_r300x200等，匹配到标准symbols后通过建立各种标准symbols绘制模版，找到对应的symbols模版再绘制。

4.如绘制：donut_r300x200这个symbols时，是绘制300这个实心圆，再绘制黑色背景实现圆环效果呢，

其实这样绘制就是错误的，需采用：GraphicsPath类绘制，再用Region类差集裁减掉不需要多余部份图形。

5.在Gerber图形中一条弧直径只有0.1毫米，转为像素为0，绘制会出错，

要这里需加以判断，0像素时直接跳出不绘

6.在Gerber图形中一条线段，线段间距只有0.1毫米，转为像素为0时，但线宽为5毫米，转为像不为2像素，

那这是绘呢，还是不绘呢，由于长度像素是0，但线的宽度达到了2个像素，那么就这条线就按一个点来绘制

7.在Gerber中Surface铜皮中存在空洞时，不能用FillPolygon方法绘制，

需采用：GraphicsPath类绘制，再用Region类差集裁减掉不需要多余部份图形

8.在Gerber中Surface铜皮存在弧节点时，不能用FillPolygon方法绘制，这结构它不支持弧节点，

如果一定要要用FillPolygon可以将弧转为多个节点来绘制多边形，当然另一种方法用GraphicsPath类中增Arc结点来完成弧的绘制

9.Gerber中如果字体引用了shx字体如何解析呢

这里就需要熟悉shx的数据结构了才行了,不然一点办法也没有

点击进去：
https://wenku.baidu.com/view/0f7d49c4aa00b52acfc7cab3.html 这是解析方法，解析后再转为坐标数据就可以了

10.如果是：canned_57,standard等字体如何解析呢

这是Genesis自带字体,文件一般存放在：C:\genesis\fw\lib\fonts，这是明文坐标很好解决，直接解析就好了。

三.5类元素基本数据结构

这是基本的不全面,可以扩展并改进的.

/// 点数据类型 (XY)
/// </summary>
public struct gPoint
{
public gPoint(gPoint p_)
{
this.x = p_.x;
this.y = p_.y;
}
public gPoint(double x_val, double y_val)
{
this.x = x_val;
this.y = y_val;
}
public double x;
public double y;
public static gPoint operator +(gPoint p1, gPoint p2)
{
p1.x += p2.x;
p1.y += p2.y;
return p1;
}
public static gPoint operator -(gPoint p1, gPoint p2)
{
p1.x -= p2.x;
p1.y -= p2.y;
return p1;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 精简 PAD 数据类型
/// </summary>
public struct gPP
{
public gPP(double x_val, double y_val, double width_)
{
this.p = new gPoint(x_val, y_val);
this.symbols = "r";
this.width = width_;
}
public gPP(gPoint p_, double width_)
{
this.p = p_;
this.symbols = "r";
this.width = width_;
}
public gPP(gPoint p_, string symbols_, double width_)
{
this.p = p_;
this.symbols = symbols_;
this.width = width_;
}
public gPoint p;
public string symbols;
public double width;
public static gPP operator +(gPP p1, gPP p2)
{
p1.p += p2.p;
return p1;
}
public static gPP operator +(gPP p1, gPoint p2)
{
p1.p += p2;
return p1;
}
public static gPP operator -(gPP p1, gPP p2)
{
p1.p -= p2.p;
return p1;
}
public static gPP operator -(gPP p1, gPoint p2)
{
p1.p -= p2;
return p1;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// PAD 数据类型
/// </summary>
public struct gP
{
public gP(double x_val, double y_val, double width_)
{
this.p = new gPoint(x_val, y_val);
this.negative = false;
this.angle = 0;
this.mirror = false;
this.symbols = "r";
this.attribut = string.Empty;
this.width = width_;
}
public gP(gPoint p_, double width_)
{
this.p = p_;
this.negative = false;
this.angle = 0;
this.mirror = false;
this.symbols = "r";
this.attribut = string.Empty;
this.width = width_;
}
public gP(gPoint p_, string symbols_, double width_)
{
this.p = p_;
this.negative = false;
this.angle = 0;
this.mirror = false;
this.symbols = symbols_;
this.attribut = string.Empty;
this.width = width_;
}
public gPoint p;
public bool negative;//polarity-- positive negative
public int angle;
public bool mirror;
public string symbols;
public string attribut;
public double width;
public static gP operator +(gP p1, gP p2)
{
p1.p += p2.p;
return p1;
}
public static gP operator +(gP p1, gPP p2)
{
p1.p += p2.p;
return p1;
}
public static gP operator +(gP p1, gPoint p2)
{
p1.p += p2;
return p1;
}
public static gP operator -(gP p1, gP p2)
{
p1.p -= p2.p;
return p1;
}
public static gP operator -(gP p1, gPP p2)
{
p1.p -= p2.p;
return p1;
}
public static gP operator -(gP p1, gPoint p2)
{
p1.p -= p2;
return p1;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Line 数据类型
/// </summary>
public struct gL
{
public gL(double ps_x, double ps_y, double pe_x, double pe_y, double width_)
{
this.ps = new gPoint(ps_x, ps_y);
this.pe = new gPoint(pe_x, pe_y);
this.negative = false;
this.symbols = "r" + width_.ToString();
this.attribut = string.Empty;
this.width = width_;
}
public gL(gPoint ps_, gPoint pe_, double width_)
{
this.ps = ps_;
this.pe = pe_;
this.negative = false;
this.symbols = "r" + width_.ToString();
this.attribut = string.Empty;
this.width = width_;
}
public gL(gPoint ps_, gPoint pe_, string symbols_, double width_)
{
this.ps = ps_;
this.pe = pe_;
this.negative = false;
this.symbols = symbols_;
this.attribut = string.Empty;
this.width = width_;
}
public gPoint ps;
public gPoint pe;
public bool negative;//polarity-- positive negative
public string symbols;
public string attribut;
public double width;
public static gL operator +(gL l1, gPoint move_p)
{
l1.ps += move_p;
l1.pe += move_p;
return l1;
}
public static gL operator +(gL l1, gPP move_p)
{
l1.ps += move_p.p;
l1.pe += move_p.p;
return l1;
}
public static gL operator +(gL l1, gP move_p)
{
l1.ps += move_p.p;
l1.pe += move_p.p;
return l1;
}
public static gL operator -(gL l1, gPoint move_p)
{
l1.ps -= move_p;
l1.pe -= move_p;
return l1;
}
public static gL operator -(gL l1, gPP move_p)
{
l1.ps -= move_p.p;
l1.pe -= move_p.p;
return l1;
}
public static gL operator -(gL l1, gP move_p)
{
l1.ps -= move_p.p;
l1.pe -= move_p.p;
return l1;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// ARC 数据类型
/// </summary>
public struct gA
{
public gA(double ps_x, double ps_y, double pc_x, double pc_y, double pe_x, double pe_y, double width_, bool ccw_)
{
this.ps = new gPoint(ps_x, ps_y);
this.pc = new gPoint(pc_x, pc_y);
this.pe = new gPoint(pe_x, pe_y);
this.negative = false;
this.ccw = ccw_;
this.symbols = "r" + width_.ToString();
this.attribut = string.Empty;
this.width = width_;
}
public gA(gPoint ps_, gPoint pc_, gPoint pe_, double width_, bool ccw_ = false)
{
this.ps = ps_;
this.pc = pc_;
this.pe = pe_;
this.negative = false;
this.ccw = ccw_;
this.symbols = "r" + width_.ToString();
this.attribut = string.Empty;
this.width = width_;
}
public gPoint ps;
public gPoint pe;
public gPoint pc;
public bool negative;//polarity-- positive negative
public bool ccw; //direction-- cw ccw
public string symbols;
public string attribut;
public double width;
public static gA operator +(gA arc1, gPoint move_p)
{
arc1.ps += move_p;
arc1.pe += move_p;
arc1.pc += move_p;
return arc1;
}
public static gA operator +(gA arc1, gPP move_p)
{
arc1.ps += move_p.p;
arc1.pe += move_p.p;
arc1.pc += move_p.p;
return arc1;
}
public static gA operator +(gA arc1, gP move_p)
{
arc1.ps += move_p.p;
arc1.pe += move_p.p;
arc1.pc += move_p.p;
return arc1;
}
public static gA operator -(gA arc1, gPoint move_p)
{
arc1.ps -= move_p;
arc1.pe -= move_p;
arc1.pc -= move_p;
return arc1;
}
public static gA operator -(gA arc1, gPP move_p)
{
arc1.ps -= move_p.p;
arc1.pe -= move_p.p;
arc1.pc -= move_p.p;
return arc1;
}
public static gA operator -(gA arc1, gP move_p)
{
arc1.ps -= move_p.p;
arc1.pe -= move_p.p;
arc1.pc -= move_p.p;
return arc1;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Text 文本数据类型简易型更复杂的需要扩展
/// </summary>
public struct gT
{
public gPoint ps;
public string font;
public bool negative;//polarity-- positive negative
public int angle;
public bool mirror;
public double x_size;
public double y_size;
public double width;
public string Text;
public string attribut;
}
/// <summary>
/// Surface 坐标泛型集类1
/// </summary>
public struct gSur_Point
{
public gSur_Point(double x_val, double y_val, byte type_point_)
{
this.p.x = x_val;
this.p.y = y_val;
this.type_point = type_point_;
}
public gSur_Point(gPoint p, byte type_point_)
{
this.p = p;
this.type_point = type_point_;
}
public gPoint p;
/// <summary>
/// 0为折点 1为顺时针 2为逆时针
/// </summary>
public byte type_point;
}
/// <summary>
/// Surface 坐标泛型集类2
/// </summary>
public class gSur_list
{
public List<gSur_Point> sur_list = new List<gSur_Point>();
/// <summary>
/// 是否为空洞
/// </summary>
public bool is_hole { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 是否逆时针
/// </summary>
public bool is_ccw { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Surface 坐标泛型集类3
/// </summary>
public class gS
{
public List<gSur_list> sur_group = new List<gSur_list>();
/// <summary>
/// 是否为负 polarity-- P N
/// </summary>
public bool negative { get; set; }
public string attribut { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 整层Layer坐标泛型集类
/// </summary>
public class gLayer //坐标
{
public List<gP> Plist = new List<gP>();
public List<gL> Llist = new List<gL>();
public List<gA> Alist = new List<gA>();
public List<gT> Tlist = new List<gT>();
public List<gS> Slist = new List<gS>();
}