发电机是将其他形式的能源转换成电能的机械设备,它由水轮机、汽轮机、柴油机或其他动力机械驱动,将水流,气流,燃料燃烧或原子核裂变产生的能量转化为机械能传给发电机,再由发电机转换为电能。发电机在工农业生产,国防,科技及日常生活中有广泛的用途。
发电机的形式很多,但其工作原理都基于电磁感应定律和电磁力定律。因此,其构造的一般原则是:用适当的导磁和导电材料构成互相进行电磁感应的磁路和电路,以产生电磁功率,达到能量转换的目的。
交流发电机工作原理:
![7ca7a98058b3414ba642dc4ce0d670f9?from=pc.jpg 7ca7a98058b3414ba642dc4ce0d670f9?from=pc.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202109/26/162120d2mmrmo250m3hg12.jpg)
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交流发电机原理由轴承及端盖将发电机的定子,转子连接组装起来,使转子能在定子中旋转,做切割磁力线的运动,从而产生感应电势,通过接线端子引出,接在回路中,便产生了电流。
利用导线切割磁力线感应出电势的电磁感应原理,将原动机的机械能变为电能输出。同步发电机由定子和转子两部分组成。定子是发出电力的电枢,转子是磁极。定子由电枢铁芯,均匀排放的三相绕组及机座和端盖等组成。转子通常为隐极式,由励磁绕组、铁芯和轴、护环、中心环等组成。
转子的励磁绕组通入直流电流,产生接近于正弦分布磁场(称为转子磁场),其有效励磁磁通与静止的电枢绕组相交链。转子旋转时,转子磁场随同一起旋转、每转一周,磁力线顺序切割定子的每相绕组,在三相定子绕组内感应出三相交流电势。
![e6f81141a09a4a6ead935f34b57f6170?from=pc.jpg e6f81141a09a4a6ead935f34b57f6170?from=pc.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202109/26/162120ukzvyrrzmkpu999b.jpg)
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