那么究竟什么元件是有源器件,什么元件又是无源器件呢?今天,我们就来了解一下。
有人说:有源器件即只有在有电源的情况下才能工作的元器件,或者说此种元器件工作时需要电源。
无源器件即在没有电源的情况下也可以工作,即它工作时不需要电源。
那么,这种说法对吗?
当然不对了!
我们首先要明确的一点是,只要是电子元器件,要工作必然需要电源,没有电源如何工作?
所谓有源和无源的区别就在于要正常工作时是否需要外加电源,而不是望文生义说的是否需要电源。
通俗的说就是需要电源才能显示其特性的就是有源元件,如三极管。而不用电源就能显示其特性的就叫无源元件。
有源器件要正常工作,除了本身功能回路中的电能外,还需要另外给它提供正常工作电源,例如三极管、场效应管、大部分饱含晶体管的集成电路等。
无源器件正常工作时,不需要另外给它提供电源,
无源器件在工作时不会产生谐波,只会产生噪音和相移,无源器件用来进行信号传输,或者通过方向性进行“信号放大”。容、阻、感都是无源器件。
有源器件一般用来信号放大、变换等,有源器件在工作时会产生各种谐波,使输出失真,集成IC、模块等都是有源器件。
下面就是一些常见的有源器件和无源器件,有图有真相哦!
一、常见的无源电子器件
电子系统中的无源器件可以按照所担当的电路功能分为电路类器件、连接类器件。
1. 电路类器件
(1) 二极管(diode)
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(2) 电阻器(resistor)
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(3) 电阻排(resistor network)
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(4) 电容器(capacitor)
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(5) 电感(inductor)
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(6) 变压器(transformer)
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(7) 继电器(relay)
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(8) 按键(key)
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(9) 蜂鸣器、喇叭(speaker)
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(10) 开关(switch)
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2. 连接类器件
(1) 连接器(connector)
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(2) 插座(shoket)
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(3) 连接电缆(line)
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(4) 印刷电路板(pcb)
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二、常见的有源电子器件
有源器件是电子电路的主要器件,从物理结构、电路功能和工程参数上,有源器件可以分为分立器件和集成电路两大类。
1. 分立器件
(1) 双极型晶体三极管(bipolar transistor),一般简称三极管,bjt
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(2) 场效应晶体管(field effecTIve transistor)
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(3) 晶闸管(thyristor),也叫可控硅
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(4) 半导体电阻与电容——用集成技术制造的电阻和电容,用于集成电路中。
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2. 模拟集成电路器件
模拟集成电路器件是用来处理随时间连续变化的模拟电压或电流信号的集成电路器件。
基本模拟集成电路器件一般包括:
(1) 集成运算放大器(operaTIon amplifier),简称集成运放
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(2) 比较器(comparator)
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(3) 对数和指数放大器
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(4) 模拟乘/除法器(mulTIplier/divider)
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(5) 模拟开关电路(analog switch)
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(6) pll电路(phase lock loop),即锁相环电路
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(7) 集成稳压器(voltage regulator)
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(8) 参考电源(reference source)
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(9) 波形发生器(wave-form generator)
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(10) 功率放大器(power amplifier)
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3. 数字集成电路器件
(1) 基本逻辑门(logic gate circuit)
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(2) 触发器(flip-flop)
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(3) 寄存器(register)
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(4) 译码器(decoder)
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(5) 数据比较器(comparator)
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(6) 驱动器(driver)
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(7) 计数器(counter)
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(8) 整形电路
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(9) 可编程逻辑器件(pld)
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(10) 微处理器(microprocessor,mpu)
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(11) 单片机(microcontroller,mcu)
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(12) dsp器件(digital signal processor,dsp)
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无源器件的简单定义
如果电子元器件工作时,其内部没有任何形式的电源,则这种器件叫做无源器件。
从电路性质上看,无源器件有两个基本特点:
(1) 自身或消耗电能,或把电能转变为不同形式的其他能量。
(2) 只需输入信号,不需要外加电源就能正常工作。
有源器件的基本定义
如果电子元器件工作时,其内部有电源存在,则这种器件叫做有源器件。
从电路性质上看,有源器件有两个基本特点:
(1) 自身也消耗电能。
(2) 除了输入信号外,还必须要有外加电源才可以正常工作。
由此可知,有源器件和无源器件对电路的工作条件要求、工作方式完全不同,这在电子技术的学习过程中必须十分注意。
来源:老马识途单片机