三相电源用到了6个晶闸管T1~T6,这6个晶闸管触发信号依次相差
,

T1和T4、T3和T6、T2和T5相差
。

晶闸管的触发顺序是1→2→3→4→5→6→1,任何时候要有两个相的晶闸管同时导通才能形成回路,所以采用宽于
的宽脉冲或双窄脉冲触发,本文用各相的“过零脉冲”做控制角的基准点。

三相电源的负载是阻感性负载,由于电感的续流特性,它的波形分析复杂不易理解,本文采用阻性负载来分析其波形。
下面对负载侧(假设变压器一次侧为纯阻性)的电压波形进行分析。图1中
为电网角速度。


图1 三相电源原理图和电网侧三相交流电压矢量图

图2 触发相角30度时波形图

图3 触发相角60度波形图





图4 触发相角75度时波形图



例如当T1和T2导通,当A相正半波从正向负过零点时,
,此时T1由于仍承受正电压不会关断,只有当T3导通后T1才会承受反向电压关断,T1关断点见图4所示。


图5 触发相角90度波形图

图6 触发相角120度时波形图



图6中颜色相同的晶闸管同时导通,晶闸管的导通区间在图上都用T1~T6符号标注。T6在电压由负变正后才关断,是因为uab>0, T1、T6导通,
后,T6才受反压关断。

每个晶闸管的导通角分为相隔的两个部分,分别为
,所以每个晶闸管导通角合为
。




纯感性负载时,电流滞后电压
,当触发角为
时电流才从零开始上升,所以当纯感性负载时,晶闸管触发角的移相范围是
。



但是实际负载(变压器一次侧)是阻感性负载,此时晶闸管的触发角移相范围和电阻和电感的相量夹角有关,如果夹角为
。,则其移相范围是
。


来源:物联网全栈开发