1、反馈的基本概念
反馈是指将电路的输出量的一部分或全部,按一定的方式引回到系统的输入端,从而影响原系统的输入量的过程。
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/205729i4vr5d4akv4vaege.png)
有无反馈的判断:
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/205835xl4maai43f6ah3fd.png)
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/205927wgly6bnd78t7e8g7.png)
反馈结构示意框图:
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/210008lwwn5d5bxwwewee6.png)
2、反馈的分类与判断
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/210041tfyd5cxflyfyfz90.png)
(1)交流反馈和直流反馈
按反馈量中包含交、直流的成分:
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/210141hjs6xjhmsehcchh0.png)
交直流反馈的判断:
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/210237vdbad4szfxxa3uml.png)
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/210314k1pqpznzaqz2kffb.png)
(2)反馈极性的判断
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/210406tdj0pg13ip282s0z.png)
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/210509erwse4rgp4swkqoz.png)
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/210533aerrssr1rrdq6lr5.png)
例:判断图示放大电路的反馈极性。
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/210618uh6ftaafhqtmkeph.png)
再例:判断图示放大电路的反馈极性。
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/210725irgtl177mvsmqest.png)
对三极管构成的放大电路:
设基极瞬时极性为正,根据集电极瞬时极性与基极相反、发射极(接有发射极电阻而无旁路电容时)瞬时极性与基极相同的原则,标出相关各点的瞬时极性。
例:判断图示放大电路的反馈极性。
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/210845pds02qpwrw7rxzq1.png)
再例:判断Rf 引入的反馈极性。
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/210950v70q663dydy36qba.png)
判断反馈极性的规律:
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/211035arazgjiwzwgihbvh.png)
(3)电压反馈和电流反馈
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/211152dt2k2zsnpxh1gamk.png)
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/211219qqwegqwe7wxcyqwg.png)
电压、电流反馈的判断:
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/211311n1pgjyoi8kp85tii.png)
(4)串联反馈和并联反馈
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/211409liziqs2oi4woxq5t.png)
串联反馈与并联反馈的判断方法:
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/211445fe909dsmglqes8ee.png)
3、负反馈放大电路的四种组态
(1) 电压串联负反馈
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/211604i6olgy9p3sspylog.png)
(2)电流串联负反馈
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/211646lkssv9wknnh7kk11.png)
(3)电压并联负反馈
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/211724ghrqgogz5ke88o93.png)
(4)电流并联负反馈
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/211812oj7y6vbjdpyziqdv.png)
不同组态的特点:
串联反馈:输入端电压求和(KVL)
并联反馈:输入端电流求和(KCL)
电压负反馈:稳定输出电压,具有恒压特性
电流负反馈:稳定输出电流,具有恒流特性
例:判断图示放大电路的反馈组态。
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/211959oceiiidd3zhsdbd3.png)
再例:判断图示放大电路的反馈极性及组态。
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/212053apqo9c7vifqq7o2h.png)
4、深度负反馈放大电路的一般分析
(1)反馈基本关系
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/212225qtmjogr19ojirjrs.png)
(2)反馈深度讨论
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/212245qdj2hgeuxedun2hn.png)
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/212549tgshc8io9gprrzmq.png)
即闭环增益只取决于反馈网络。当反馈网络由稳定的线性元件组成时,闭环增益将有很高的稳定性。
5、负反馈对放大电路性能的影响
(1)提高放大倍数的稳定性
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/212737dlp24zp66rl4t2xx.png)
(2)减小非线性失真
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/212849s0vdy4pq044qpd25.png)
(3)扩展通频带
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/212911k4z4imq84st94t9i.png)
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/213004o5r6barwu9tv4bxb.png)
(4)对输入电阻和输出电阻的影响
1)串联负反馈对输入电阻的影响:
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/213114cmrazatml1tmmue0.png)
2)并联负反馈对输入电阻的影响:
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/213202z4tuwatmo44kpop9.png)
3)负反馈对输出电阻的影响
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/213246z24w3wlq0gn0uzgx.png)
6、负反馈放大电路的稳定性
(1)负反馈放大电路产生自激振荡的原因
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/213454hkqr9rvwqvbqk1oq.png)
1)自激振荡现象:在不加任何输入信号的情况下,放大电路仍会产生一定频率的信号输出。
2) 产生原因:A和F在高频区或低频区产生的附加相移达到180度,使中频区的负反馈在高频区或低频区变成了正反馈,当满足了一定的幅值条件时,便产生自激振荡。
3)自激振荡条件
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/213655oal3p11ys3ohon3p.png)
(2)消除自激振荡的方法
![image.png image.png](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202306/22/213746z9x0lalakqlab79i.png)