CMOS工艺流程介绍
1.衬底选择:选择合适的衬底,或者外延片,本流程是带外延的衬底;
![d164757ec896487d836943b7f3a20863.jpg d164757ec896487d836943b7f3a20863.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558ec9cgmki9rgm0mu9.jpg)
2. 开始:Pad oxide氧化,如果直接淀积氮化硅,氮化硅对衬底应力过大,容易出问题;
![565d342241d64d11aeabcaf0f1af3fec.jpg 565d342241d64d11aeabcaf0f1af3fec.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558pvvxzch3by4qhrc3.jpg)
接着就淀积氮化硅。
![3fb2d4cfdb7f40f58812029403a325a3.jpg 3fb2d4cfdb7f40f58812029403a325a3.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558syqyfllqmmf4t0qg.jpg)
3. A-A层的光刻:STI(浅层隔离)
![d65da0b0b7d34bc8b14704f6849ef823.jpg d65da0b0b7d34bc8b14704f6849ef823.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558frs8gu8zpmo8p5ai.jpg)
(1)A-A隔离区刻蚀:先将hard mask氮化硅和oxide一起刻掉;
![347fa0b00c324827a1b27d4d3940f06d.jpg 347fa0b00c324827a1b27d4d3940f06d.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558tf334njzzg21njop.jpg)
(2)STI槽刻蚀:Si3N4的刻蚀菜单刻蚀硅速率过快,不好控制,需要分开刻蚀;
![60c5f8be3dc140e18a2fef5c81c95f34.jpg 60c5f8be3dc140e18a2fef5c81c95f34.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558cb7iagp3787pwtme.jpg)
(3)刻蚀完成后去胶,为了节省空间,后面的层次去胶将会用一句话带过;
![378142ccd41c469599cae1fdc86b67a6.jpg 378142ccd41c469599cae1fdc86b67a6.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558lsszcic889wixhis.jpg)
(4)STI用氧化硅填充:这里没有讲,其实刻蚀STI会对衬底造成损伤,一般要先长一层薄氧化层,然后再腐蚀掉的,这样可以消除表现损伤;
STI填充:HDP高密度等离子淀积STI槽,用其他机器填充会提前将STI槽封死,里面会出现空洞,HDP机台是一遍淀积,一遍刻蚀,可以防止提前封口;
![74d54cda056440fbb45d7f6511104da8.jpg 74d54cda056440fbb45d7f6511104da8.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558r4a1fc7ieoct61yc.jpg)
(5)简单的做法是直接CMP将二氧化硅磨平,但一般该步骤直接CMP会造成STI表面下陷,STI槽不满的情况,一般还会再加一层,将STI区域保护起来,将中间区域刻蚀掉,然后再CMP,这里简化处理。
![fe932aae327a4252998b1a11197203d6.jpg fe932aae327a4252998b1a11197203d6.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558gkjz3tfpt6p6t6mm.jpg)
(6)热磷酸腐蚀掉氮化硅,这个不叫常规;
![962894bedd9e47f58fb6bdde00818e1e.jpg 962894bedd9e47f58fb6bdde00818e1e.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558osnyjoujqfuefaaa.jpg)
![61a129e8c9784ec2864c679378379396.jpg 61a129e8c9784ec2864c679378379396.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558mgxql6lxnmjwgzy1.jpg)
4. Nwell光刻、注入:光刻前都有一层pad oxide,这里也没有画。
![2a6f31ec9696455ea77b322abdcee7a3.jpg 2a6f31ec9696455ea77b322abdcee7a3.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558lvq44v5skvj5k59r.jpg)
Nwell注入:一般要注一个阱,一个防传统注入,一个VT调节注入,三次注入分别对应深,中,浅,注入玩去胶,准备做Pwell注入;
![f818afc114924fee8804d5408ec56e53.jpg f818afc114924fee8804d5408ec56e53.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558xd3qpqzu2cz3zpsg.jpg)
5. Pwell光刻、注入:方式与Nwell类似,注入改为B注入,然后去胶,去胶后要将Nwell和Pwell一起推进,使两者有一定的结深和浓度梯度;
![bf11ed8374d2404e80aafcb9e3e727bd.jpg bf11ed8374d2404e80aafcb9e3e727bd.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558jh447w4dyhw497f9.jpg)
![bc128e0626f54308a73cc14f9323fb77.jpg bc128e0626f54308a73cc14f9323fb77.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558r5kmun050zfemfiu.jpg)
![9c725e473dd2431fbcfa8be42f750f86.jpg 9c725e473dd2431fbcfa8be42f750f86.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558ti79v4quq4xxvc4d.jpg)
![2224c4de55ed4df0ab7e37315a41c59f.jpg 2224c4de55ed4df0ab7e37315a41c59f.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558tai2x091i5cruiwc.jpg)
6. Gate栅的形成:腐蚀掉表现氧化层,再长一层牺牲氧化层,然后再腐蚀掉牺牲氧化层;
![05d45fcce3884fbeabab333b5ddc724d.jpg 05d45fcce3884fbeabab333b5ddc724d.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558zz1vhk0qkp1s1g2g.jpg)
![9af0fe231d964aa4a88e5c9ac0ef350f.jpg 9af0fe231d964aa4a88e5c9ac0ef350f.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558f300swlsps05tzkp.jpg)
![9c725e473dd2431fbcfa8be42f750f86.jpg 9c725e473dd2431fbcfa8be42f750f86.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558mtywvd21v2tj406z.jpg)
![84f6710dbf264981a0934bb61abe1a27.jpg 84f6710dbf264981a0934bb61abe1a27.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558wo2lvwlj8i13vqqo.jpg)
(2)POLY淀积:淀积 Insu-Poly,或者后面掺杂后再光刻
![9c725e473dd2431fbcfa8be42f750f86.jpg 9c725e473dd2431fbcfa8be42f750f86.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558zjpjhr24a143gs34.jpg)
(3)POLY光刻、刻蚀:光刻Gate,并刻蚀POLY,然后去胶;
![f2f473320c974ba0ac854c489c7d733c.jpg f2f473320c974ba0ac854c489c7d733c.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558n4et1z013ypk0ymk.jpg)
![e2864f63380b45b6abe1ed1a1eb0307d.jpg e2864f63380b45b6abe1ed1a1eb0307d.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558s7c43j1p1yyyizj4.jpg)
![73574fdae4734dd3b239fc93ba6ae752.jpg 73574fdae4734dd3b239fc93ba6ae752.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558hm6oqq4mqsqqjj9m.jpg)
(4)POLY氧化:作为SI3N4 spacer刻蚀的停止层;
![6b0e3cf0e5084341ac2818e8e5e1ccf1.jpg 6b0e3cf0e5084341ac2818e8e5e1ccf1.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558tjysfzyos4arqrrq.jpg)
7. NLDD/PLDD的形成:
(1)NLDD光刻,注入,去胶;
![5642475baf1f4b7da11c4ce2d910b3cf.jpg 5642475baf1f4b7da11c4ce2d910b3cf.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558hu33m1ixmyt41x3u.jpg)
![700a2eeebde8448ba2d399cf667307c6.jpg 700a2eeebde8448ba2d399cf667307c6.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558qu1qbcikiw1fdroa.jpg)
(2)PLDD光刻,注入,去胶;
![f55a5f0c8d5d4425a42637bdbae06b3d.jpg f55a5f0c8d5d4425a42637bdbae06b3d.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558rdzf0y0u005z4wzv.jpg)
![bd260468aced4f71afed50cfcc28ed75.jpg bd260468aced4f71afed50cfcc28ed75.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558djvoz7wgg6t6t6jx.jpg)
(3)Si3N4 spacer的刻蚀:氮化硅淀积及刻蚀
![b7c513e359f9451f97ffa4db6de32b07.jpg b7c513e359f9451f97ffa4db6de32b07.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558nl8dak8fphkqzeoy.jpg)
![49d1fa5ea9d740b090b0858af41a1c6b.jpg 49d1fa5ea9d740b090b0858af41a1c6b.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558q5tu7t3q48d0bro0.jpg)
8. NSD/PSD形成:
(1)NMOS的源漏注入:Si3N4 spacer挡住的区域NSD注入注不进去,因此NSD区域要离开gate一小段距离;
![49d1fa5ea9d740b090b0858af41a1c6b.jpg 49d1fa5ea9d740b090b0858af41a1c6b.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558e4gruu8baiqjqzbo.jpg)
![17602f5b9e0b4f00a2c68b1eeecf79d3.jpg 17602f5b9e0b4f00a2c68b1eeecf79d3.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558g88nmw8oz3zwvzny.jpg)
(2)PMOS源漏注入:做完PSD,一起做一次RTP来退回,激活离子。
![7b533e8c85e24fb0a021581ce473cbff.jpg 7b533e8c85e24fb0a021581ce473cbff.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558bt1ds1d17b7eqqzu.jpg)
![be6b510b88814b56b3e0a3cdecd0267c.jpg be6b510b88814b56b3e0a3cdecd0267c.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558k0xknnn0l0nnt6me.jpg)
![687721c35474408684c362a889d9ae34.jpg 687721c35474408684c362a889d9ae34.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558i3x8gjz8bn3d8gxg.jpg)
(2)contact孔光刻即刻蚀:
![b7a33acfdd7b4087826e57b02a835dc6.jpg b7a33acfdd7b4087826e57b02a835dc6.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558ekxepll7bxlj4ewk.jpg)
9. Salicide:Ti与硅形成低阻层Salicide;
![7462a24c0c7149fc9e4322a3651654b3.jpg 7462a24c0c7149fc9e4322a3651654b3.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558rypllblnfnwphw1y.jpg)
![ab9878a00d4c46cea9b0f1dfcb5f0c2d.jpg ab9878a00d4c46cea9b0f1dfcb5f0c2d.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558pnxt6rwxatja9grt.jpg)
![8eefb849993b4335ba2a4813c79978c7.jpg 8eefb849993b4335ba2a4813c79978c7.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558iummk6olaz9ong4u.jpg)
(2)contact孔光刻即刻蚀:
![744985c9bf06462786789337f243be3f.jpg 744985c9bf06462786789337f243be3f.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558pzqb88uxeceu981q.jpg)
10.ILD淀积及contac形成:
(1)BPSG淀积及CMP抛光。
![39de8e9c15e24f479e53c3e41144725b.jpg 39de8e9c15e24f479e53c3e41144725b.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558yiw4j61rclncgi10.jpg)
![de795948503c42139c5db5d34a083f7f.jpg de795948503c42139c5db5d34a083f7f.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558r3r9n4rn9lz3n3lh.jpg)
(2)contact孔光刻即刻蚀:
![658c5a793a024ed7bd1bc879d290e7f3.jpg 658c5a793a024ed7bd1bc879d290e7f3.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558crzw2g5d0zd75v0k.jpg)
![1e724697272e46febaf458c222baebec.jpg 1e724697272e46febaf458c222baebec.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558jnwqzuin7wwynwnn.jpg)
W-plug:W塞淀积及CMP。
![1435966e8f614ae9ac3ffbd11bba7afd.jpg 1435966e8f614ae9ac3ffbd11bba7afd.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558jc38057597c83387.jpg)
![8aa8aa411b264a1b9e18caf73ba766a8.jpg 8aa8aa411b264a1b9e18caf73ba766a8.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558p14ed8vhr6z44i9r.jpg)
![473a97c2f2834767a706751b45b1ec9a.jpg 473a97c2f2834767a706751b45b1ec9a.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558tr9a45a525f5a555.jpg)
![dc57bccacd404f89a1b610e2cd9c2c89.jpg dc57bccacd404f89a1b610e2cd9c2c89.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558itwhw9xpnl444hjy.jpg)
11. Metal-1淀积及光刻,刻蚀:
![e3a216b4775144128210529b79484e22.jpg e3a216b4775144128210529b79484e22.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558r668lu8wfu99jlxq.jpg)
![723af62cbdda4d97a06e2414af64a502.jpg 723af62cbdda4d97a06e2414af64a502.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558zgrqhzzbjbyji9hx.jpg)
![5448b5e66a1f4aeaa2851f17a2bc7f95.jpg 5448b5e66a1f4aeaa2851f17a2bc7f95.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558riatojmcvjzqs1qi.jpg)
![bc603cd626e646029e0d47d7556355a4.jpg bc603cd626e646029e0d47d7556355a4.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558pekvpovtvol57xli.jpg)
12. IMD淀积, CMP及Via光刻、刻蚀:
(1)IMD淀积,CMP抛光:
![63c57c5071ec49e5a4a7c8e05b55de73.jpg 63c57c5071ec49e5a4a7c8e05b55de73.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558c59wzg5kal52wthw.jpg)
![83c8d7f879f74c05ae3e219b0c2dce6d.jpg 83c8d7f879f74c05ae3e219b0c2dce6d.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558d26c2cnzc0d007or.jpg)
![37c2a6e3393c4bb691d3c932dd522dc5.jpg 37c2a6e3393c4bb691d3c932dd522dc5.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558xaido3ehb5w5o99v.jpg)
![6ff07a30aec043dab53c9f6c06528cfe.jpg 6ff07a30aec043dab53c9f6c06528cfe.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558bzw5t5i0kradx5wx.jpg)
![327f8df5436447e49acf086424daeb27.jpg 327f8df5436447e49acf086424daeb27.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558qp4z3j8g8m5y5mjh.jpg)
13. Via-W plug淀积,CMP:基本与Conctact W-plug一样的做法;
![c513daf423714f16ba9d644ead802eea.jpg c513daf423714f16ba9d644ead802eea.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558i0hd0dt8d98008aa.jpg)
![73a50de707504360bc01d0266527e373.jpg 73a50de707504360bc01d0266527e373.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558aqo6qcptltcpy4q2.jpg)
![cfa8ea4f27a345228936e5f3752b49c6.jpg cfa8ea4f27a345228936e5f3752b49c6.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558ftripwukynetrzwz.jpg)
![1c3680072c7e469081d981d1a740e8fc.jpg 1c3680072c7e469081d981d1a740e8fc.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558uvovdncdmhngvvgt.jpg)
(1)Metal-2淀积:
![4f7f92b76f6f475490ae7a376565766c.jpg 4f7f92b76f6f475490ae7a376565766c.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558gdo1ydlqwq1pqbaw.jpg)
(2)Metal-2光刻刻蚀
![1c3680072c7e469081d981d1a740e8fc.jpg 1c3680072c7e469081d981d1a740e8fc.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558la4mc9uc44xfnvzv.jpg)
![d09873827b1544b8b5ceccb1618951b0.jpg d09873827b1544b8b5ceccb1618951b0.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558wj410y3iay30jkjc.jpg)
![74e532edc6bb4adc9f2a37e72d6043a9.jpg 74e532edc6bb4adc9f2a37e72d6043a9.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558bfavhck6paphck4f.jpg)
15. 钝化层淀积及钝化层光刻、刻蚀、去胶:钝化刻蚀后一般要做一步alloy。
![49ef190840334c9789097bef49260564.jpg 49ef190840334c9789097bef49260564.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558c5d3g3djp3r0600b.jpg)
![58435fd60d9b4b209d6e48f4d94a8e0e.jpg 58435fd60d9b4b209d6e48f4d94a8e0e.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558f71kv3uq1v0jj70u.jpg)
![b855e512be434728a24a88ef0d7f13dc.jpg b855e512be434728a24a88ef0d7f13dc.jpg](https://static.assets-stash.eet-china.com/forum/202108/19/163558ou6t5l955qi6ct9y.jpg)
对于高级一点的工艺,可能会有更多层的metal,做法类似,继续Via和Metal的堆叠即可。
会有更多层的metal,做法类似,继续Via和Metal的堆叠即可。
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